国外社区韧性评估维度和方法综述

Review of Foreign Community Resilience Assessment Dimensions and Methods

近年来,韧性作为应对灾害风险的新理念越来越受到国际社会的广泛关注,而社区韧性评估对社区韧性理念的实施具有重要推动作用。在阐述国外韧性概念发展历程的基础上,阐释了社区韧性的基本内涵。国外学者大多认为韧性包含减轻灾害影响、缩短恢复时间、降低脆弱性三个方面,并从社区韧性是不断变化和适应的过程或能力、维持稳定运转的能力、恢复和与响应相关的能力三个角度及其组合来定义社区韧性。评估维度主要从系统构成、社区资源与能力和外部影响因素三个视角构建。社区韧性评估方法分为定性、定量、混合法三类。定性评价法主要包括框架法和要素描述法,定量法主要包括记分法、综合指数法、函数模型法,论述了各类方法的优势与局限性。

In recent years,resilience has received more and more international attention as a new strategy of coping with disaster risks,and community resilience assessment plays an important role in promoting its implementation.On the basis of elaborating the development process of the concept of resilience abroad,the basic connotation of community resilience is explained.Resilience is considered by most foreign scholars to include three aspects as reducing the impact of disasters,reducing recovery time and reducing vulnerability,while community resilience is defined from three perspectives and their combinations as the process or ability of ongoing change and adaptation,the ability to maintain stable functioning,and the ability of recovery and related to response.community resilience assessment dimensions aremainly constructed from three perspectives as system composition,community resources and capabilities,and external influences.The community resilience assessment methods are classified into qualitative,quantitative and mixed methods that combine first two as a hybrid one.Qualitative methods are mainly divided into framework method and element description method.Quantitative methods are mainly divided into scoring method,comprehensive index method and function model method.The advantages and limitations of each method are discussed.