基于信息量模型和地理探测器的国道沿线崩塌灾害危险性评价

Hazard Assessment of Collapse Along National Highways Based on Information Quantity Model and Geodetector

吉林省白山市长白朝鲜族自治县G331国道沿线崩塌灾害发育,破坏性大、处置困难。该文以研究区域崩塌灾害为研究对象,选取坡度、坡向、曲率、年平均降雨量、NDVI、岩性、距断层距离、距道路距离8个评价指标,通过信息量法揭示评价指标对崩塌灾害的贡献度,构建评价指标体系。其次,采用地理探测器分析崩塌灾害的空间分布特征,变异系数法获取权重系数,并利用ArcGIS平台对评价指标的信息量图层进行加权计算,生成危险性分区图。结果表明:距道路距离、NDVI、岩性是造成崩塌的主要影响因素。各危险区面积占比:中危险区>高危险区>极高危险区>低危险区。利用灾害点分布情况对危险性分区结果进行验证,得到8.82%的崩塌发生在高危险区,85.29%的崩塌发生在极高危险区,表明危险性分区结果符合实际,其评价结果对区域风险分析、防灾减灾具有参考价值。

The collapse disasters developed along the G331 National Road in Korean Autonomous County of Changbai, Baishan City, Jilin Province, which are destructive and difficult to deal with.We take the collapse disaster in study area as the research object, and select eight evaluation indexes including slope, slope aspect, curvature, average annual precipitation, NDVI, lithology, and distance from the fault.And the evaluation index system is built.The contribution of the evaluation index to the collapse disaster is revealed by the information quantity model, and the optimal combination evaluation index system is constructed.Geodetector are then used to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of collapse disasters, the variation coefficient method is used to obtain the weight coefficient, and the ARCGIS platform is used to weight the information layer of the evaluation index to generate a hazard zoning map.The results show that the distance from the road, NDVI, and slope aspect are the main factors that cause the collapse.The area ratio of each danger zone: medium-risk>low-risk>very high-risk>high-risk.Using the distribution of disaster points to verify the results of hazard zoning, it is found that 8.82% of the collapses occurred in high-risk areas, and 85.29% of collapses occurred in very high-risk areas, it shows that the results of hazard zoning are in line with the reality, and the evaluation results have reference value for regional risk analysis, disaster prevention and mitigation.