城市内涝特征、成因及应对研究综述

Review of the Characteristics,Causes and Governance of Urban Flood in China

近年来,频发的城市内涝灾害,造成了严重经济损失和人员伤亡,成为社会各界普遍关注的热点问题。在梳理近年文献资料的基础上,识别出城市内涝灾害具有广泛性与高频易发性、随机性与短历时性、传导性与强破坏性、可防御性与利害性等特征;并从降水变化、城市扩张、排水系统、防涝管理四个方面进行城市内涝成因分析;最后基于雨水管理、组织管理、工程管理、应急管理四个方面总结了城市内涝的治理策略。认为当前中国城市的内涝防控工作,工程措施、非工程措施相结合的防涝理念深入人心,但在实施层面需要应对体制、法规、技术等各方面的问题和挑战。未来的城市内涝治理工作应以具体问题为导向,不仅要重视理论体系的发展和完善,还应更多的将理论知识转换为实际应用。

In recent years,the frequent occurrence of urban flood disasters have caused serious economic losses and casualties,which has become a hot issue of social concern.Based on recent researches,it is identified that urban flood disasters have the characteristics of universality and high frequency,randomness and short duration,transitivity and strong destructiveness,defensiveness and bi-influence.And,the causes of urban flood are analyzed from four aspects:precipitation change,urban expansion,drainage system and waterlogging prevention management.Finally,the governance strategies of urban flood are summarized from four aspects:rainwater management,organizational management,engineering management and emergency management.It is believed that the current waterlogging prevention and control work in Chinese cities,the concept of waterlogging prevention that combines engineering measures and non-engineering measures is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people,but at the implementation level,problems and challenges in various aspects such as system,regulations,and technology need to be dealt with.The future work of urban flood control should be guided by specific problems,which not only attach importance to the development and improvement of theoretical system,but also transform theoretical knowledge into practical application.The research provides a reference for urban disaster reduction.