瘤胃微生物在木质纤维素生物质资源可再生生物转化中的应用研究进展

Research Progress on the Application of Rumen Microorganisms in the Renewable Biotransformation of Lignocellulosic Biomass Resources

木质纤维素生物质是最丰富的可再生资源之一,将其高效转化为生物能源是缓解能源短缺和回收废弃物的有效途径。然而,因为木质纤维素复杂的网状结构,需要多种微生物和酶系的协同作用使其有效降解。反刍动物瘤胃作为一种天然的厌氧发酵体系,具有高效转化木质纤维素的功能,主要依赖于其复杂且协同的瘤胃微生物群落及分泌的酶。本文在总结瘤胃内与木质纤维素降解相关的微生物群落结构的基础上,重点综述了瘤胃微生物及其分泌的酶类在木质纤维素降解中的相关机理、人工瘤胃发酵系统的构建和提升降解效率的相关调控手段等方面的研究进展,旨在为利用瘤胃微生物实现木质纤维素生物质的价值化应用提供新的思路和方法。

Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the most abundant renewable resources, transforming them into bioenergy is an effective way to alleviate energy shortage and recycle waste. However, due to the complex structure of lignocellulose,its effective degradation depends on the synergistic action of multiple microorganisms and enzyme systems. Rumen, as a natural anaerobic fermentation system, can efficiently transform lignocellulose, which mainly depends on its complex and synergistic rumen microbial community and enzymes. Therefore, on the basis of summarizing the rumen microorganisms that associate with lignocellulose degradation, this review emphasized the related mechanisms, and application status of rumen microorganisms and their secreted enzymes on lignocellulose degradation, as well as reviewed the research progress regarding the construction of artificial rumen fermentation system and the regulatory methods to improve degradation efficiency.This information will provide new idea and methods for the value application of lignocellulosic biomass using rumen microorganisms.