河北省疟疾消除及消除后媒介种群和密度监测结果分析

An analysis of vector population and density monitoring in elimination and post-elimination of malaria in Hebei Province

为了解河北省疟疾消除阶段(2011—2019年)初期和消除后阶段(2019后)初期传疟媒介按蚊种群、分布及密度变化,在2012年(第一次调查)和2020年(第二次调查)7—9月,分别选择18和25个调查县的监测点开展通宵诱蚊调查,监测点生境按有无牲畜和水源情况分为4类。结果显示,第一调查捕获蚊虫30759只,总平均密度为28.48只/(灯·夜),其中中华按蚊占比3.48%(1070/30759)。每类生境捕获的中华按蚊平均数分别为60.43、10.92、0.97和0.62只(F=6.38,P<0.05)。在秦皇岛市抚宁县、唐山市遵化市、沧州市黄骅市、唐山市乐亭县、衡水市冀州市、石家庄市平山县、保定市涞源县捕获到中华按蚊,分别为870、85、47、27、19、18、4只。8月下旬捕获到的按蚊数量最多,为259只;9月下旬最少,为97只。第二次调查捕获蚊虫14958只,总平均密度为13.91只/(灯·夜),其中中华按蚊占比2.12%(317/14958)。仅在Ⅱ、Ⅲ类生境捕捉到中华按蚊,平均数量分别为8.49、1.85只(F=1.68,P>0.05),均分布在雄县,9月份最多(60.88%,193/317)。河北省传疟媒介仅有中华按蚊分布,虽数量较少,但持续存在,仍有潜在的疟疾再传播风险。

To understand the population,distribution and density changes of malaria vector Anopheles in the early stage of malaria elimination(2011—2019)and the early stage of post-elimination(2019)in Hebei Province,18and 25 monitoring points were selected to conduct overnight mosquito trapping surveys in July September 2012(the first survey)and 2020(the second survey).The habitats of monitoring points were divided into 4 categories according to whether there were livestock and water sources.The first survey showed that 30759 mosquitoes were captured and the total average density was 28.48 mosquitoes/(lamp·night),of which An.sinensis accounted for3.48%(1070/30759).The average number of An.sinensis captured in each habitat was 60.43,10.92,0.97 and0.62 respectively(F=6.38,P<0.05).An.sinensis were captured in Funing County,Qinhuangdao City,Zunhua City,Tangshan City,Huanghua City,Cangzhou City,Leting County,Tangshan City,Jizhou City,Hengshui City,Pingshan County,Shijiazhuang City,and Laiyuan County,Baoding City.And the number of An.sinensis captured in these cities was 870,85,47,27,19,18 and 4,respectively.The highest number of Anopheles mosquitoes was found among mosquitoes captured during late August,which is 259,and the smallest in late September(97).In the second survey,14958 mosquitoes were captured,with a total average density of 13.91 mosquitoes/(lamp·night),of which An.sinensis accounted for 2.12%(317/14958).An.sinensis was caught only in Class II and III habitats,with an average number of 8.49 and 1.85,respectively(F=1.68,P>0.05),which were distributed in Xiong County,with the highest number in September(60.88%,193/317).The malaria vector in Hebei Province is only An.sinensis.Although the number is small,it persists,and there is still a potential risk of malaria remerging.