2010—2021年安徽省阜阳市报告发病前5位传染病流行态势分析

Epidemiological analysis of the top five infectious diseases in Fuyang City of Anhui Province from 2010 to 2021

目的分析阜阳市近12年报告发病前5位传染病流行特征,为科学制定防控策略提供依据。方法使用描述性流行病学方法,对阜阳市2010-2021年报告发病前5位传染病发病资料进行统计分析,组间率或构成比的比较运用χ2检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果2010-2021年累计报告阜阳市发病排名前5位的传染病病例551518例,占2010-2021年合计报告传染病病例的77.46%,12年间前5位的传染病病例总报告数呈现上升趋势。不同年份报告发病数位居前5位的病种依次是手足口病、乙肝、其它感染性腹泻病、流行性感冒、肺结核、痢疾、流行性腮腺炎、水痘,分别占前5位传染病发病总数的40.51%、22.79%、16.93%、7.67%、7.29%、2.58%、1.15%和1.08%。发病年龄以0~<10岁(47.90%)为主,其次为≥60岁(15.83%)老年人,男女性别比为1.5∶1。有明显季节性,主要集中在3~7月份(51.07%)。手足口病、肺结核发病呈下降趋势,乙肝、其它感染性腹泻病、流行性感冒发病呈上升趋势,流行性感冒上升速度较快。结论阜阳市2010-2021年传染病发病总体呈上升趋势,手足口病报告发病数在前5位传染病中占比较大,流行性感冒发病值得进一步关注。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the top five diseases reported in Fuyang in recent 12 years,so as to provide basis for scientific prevention and control strategies.Methods The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the incidence data of the top five infectious diseases reported in Fuyang city from 2010 to 2021.The comparisons of the rates and proportions were carried out by using Chi-Square test.The difference P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results 551518 cases with the top 5 infectious diseases were reported,accounting for 77.46%of the total reported infectious diseases from 2010 to 2021.The total number of these five infectious disease cases showed an upward trend.The top five diseases in different years were hand foot mouth disease(HFMD),hepatitis B,other infectious diarrhea,influenza,tuberculosis,dysentery,mumps and chickenpox,accounting for 40.51%,22.79%,16.93%,7.67%,7.29%,2.58%,1.15%and 1.08%of the top five infectious diseases respectively.The age of onset was mainly 0~<10 years old(47.90%),followed by the elderly≥60 years old(15.83%),and the ratio of male to female was 1.5∶1.There was an obvious seasonality,mainly from March to July,accounting for 51.07%.The incidence of HFMD and tuberculosis was on the decline,hepatitis B,other infectious diarrhea and influenza showed upward trend,influenza was rising rapidly.Conclusions The incidence of infectious diseases show a rising trend in Fuyang city from 2010 to 2021.The number of HFMD is accounted for a large proportion in the top five infectious diseases,and the influenza is worthy of further attention.