2020—2021年凉山州居民健康素养监测结果分析

Monitoring results of health literacy of residents in Liangshan Prefecture in 2020 and 2021

目的评价凉山州居民健康素养水平,为制定健康策略提供依据。方法采用分层多阶段、随机整群抽样、KISH表等方法抽样,于2020—2021年分别抽取凉山州15~69岁常住居民开展《全国居民健康素养监测问卷》调查。对居民健康素养水平及其3个维度、6类问题采用SPSS 16.0软件进行统计学描述分析,检验水准α=0.05。结果2020年健康素养水平11.6%,2021年为14.9%有提高,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=2.99,P<0.001)。两年间不同人群、不同地区健康素养水平差异均有统计学意义:2020年健康素养女性12.9%,男性10.3%(χ^(2)=3.12,P<0.001),2021年女性15.5%,男性14.4%(χ^(2)=2.48,P<0.001);2020年本地户籍健康素养11.6%,外地户籍19.6%(χ^(2)=2.48,P<0.001);2021年本地户籍居民健康素养14.6%,外地户籍19.9%(χ^(2)=1.74,P<0.001);2020年原国家级贫困县健康素养2.2%,非原国家级贫困县16.4%(χ^(2)=6.41,P<0.001),2021年原国家级贫困县健康素养10.2%,非原国家级贫困县26.5%(χ^(2)=6.66,P<0.001);年龄55岁及以上健康素养较总体水平明显更低,2020年为3.0%(χ^(2)=2.04,P<0.001),2021年为9.0%(χ^(2)=3.66,P<0.001);2020年医务人员健康素养水平最高(63.6%),农民及农民工最低(6.5%),不同职业居民健康素养水平差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.87,P<0.001),2021年医务人员48.0%,农民及农民工12.9%(χ^(2)=3.22,P<0.001)。结论2021年凉山州居民健康素养水平较2020年有提高,但仍较低。不同地区、不同人群健康素养不同,需要有针对性地开展健康干预提高居民健康素养。

Objective To evaluate the level of health literacy among residents in Liangshan Prefecture,to provide basis for formulating health strategies.Methods Permanent residents aged 15-69 years were selected by using a stratified multi-stage random method,and an cluster sampling method in Liangshan Prefecture in 2020 and 2021.The National Resident Health Literacy Monitoring Questionnaire was used to investigate three aspects of information,including genera demographic characteristics,basic health literacy,and six types of problems.Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis,and the significance level was set asα=0.05.Results The level of health literacy increased from 11.6%in 2020 to 14.9%in 2021,with a statistically significan difference(χ^(2)=2.99,P<0.001).There were significant differences in health literacy levels among different populations and regions in the two years.In 2020,the level of health literacy in females higher than that in males in 2010(12.9%vs.10.3%,χ^(2)=3.12,P<0.001)and in 2021(15.5%vs.14.4%,χ^(2)=2.48,P<0.001).In 2020,the health literacy of participants with local household registration was lower than that without local household registration in 2020(11.6%vs.19.6%,χ^(2)=2.48,P<0.001)and in 2021(14.6%vs.19.9%,χ^(2)=1.74,P<0.001).In 2020,the level of health literacy was lower in former national-level poor counties compared with that in non-nationallevel poor counties(2.2%vs.16.4%,χ^(2)=6.41,P<0.001)and in 2021(10.2%vs.26.5%,χ^(2)=6.66,P<0.001).The level of health literacy in individuals was 3.0%in 2020 and 9.0%in 2021.The health literacy level of medical staff is higher,with 63.6%among medical staff and 6.5%among farmers and migrant workers in 2020(χ^(2)=1.87,P<0.001),and 48.0%among medical staff and12.9%among farmers and migrant workers in 2021(χ^(2)=3.22,P<0.001).Conclusions The health literacy level of residents in 2021 is higher than that in 2020 in Liangshan Prefecture,but it is still low.The health literacy varies across different residents and areas.It is necessary to carry out health intervention to improve residents’health literacy.