铜合金材料生物微加工机理及其加工效率

Biomachining Mechanism and Processing Efficiency of Copper Alloy Materials

为探究微生物加工铜金属的机理和生物特种加工效率,为生物特种加工效率的提升提供理论基础,通过直接生物去除、间接生物去除以及与化学蚀刻的对比,研究了氧化亚铁硫杆菌对紫铜、白铜和黄铜的加工深度和加工速度,分析了生物加工机理。以氧化还原电位表征蚀刻液对铜合金的加工能力,其值反映了生物加工效率。结果表明:直接生物去除加工紫铜与白铜的速度保持恒定,氧化还原电位缓慢上升;间接生物去除加工紫铜与白铜的速度随着加工时间逐渐减慢,氧化还原电位持续下降。生物加工方法对黄铜的加工没有显著表现。生物去除加工紫铜与白铜过程中,主要由铁离子化学作用导致的去除,其次为细菌直接去除加工铜材料及含菌环境下铁离子循环对加工的促进作用。另外氧化亚铁硫杆菌其他分泌物会促进对紫铜与白铜的加工,但会抑制对黄铜的加工。

In order to explore the mechanism of copper processing by microorganisms and the biomachining efficiency of copper,and provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of biomachining efficiency through direct biomachining,indirect biomachining and comparison with chemical etching,the processing depth and processing velocity of red copper,cupronickel and brass by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans were studied,and the biological processing mechanism was analyzed.Oxidation-reduction potential was utilized for characterize the processing ability of etching solution to copper alloy,and its value reflected the reaction velocity of biological micromachining process.The results show that the rates of direct biomachining of red copper and cupronickel remained constant,and Oxidation-reduction potential increased slowly.The rates of indirect biomachining of red copper and cupronickel gradually slowed down with the processing time,and oxidation-reduction potential continuously decrease.Biomachining method has no significant effect on processing brass.In the process of biomachining of red copper and cupronickel,the removal is mainly caused by the chemical action of iron ions,and the direct removal of copper materials by bacteria and the promotion of iron ion cycle in the environment containing bacteria to the processing are the secondary causes.In addition,other secretions of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans can promote the processing of red copper and cupronickel,but inhibit the processing of brass.