439例早产儿及足月小于胎龄儿眼底筛查结果及眼底疾病危险因素分析

Analysis of fundus screening results and risk factors of fundus diseases in premature infants and full-term small for gestational age infants

目的研究早产儿及足月小于胎龄儿的眼底筛查结果,并分析其眼底疾病危险因素。方法纳入2019年6月—2020年12月在南充市中心医院接受眼底筛查的早产儿及足月小于胎龄儿439例。收集研究对象的围产期资料,由同一组医师对研究对象进行眼底筛查。根据研究对象眼底疾病发生情况将其分为眼底疾病组与无眼底疾病组。比较2组调查对象围产期资料,并采用多因素Logsitic回归分析判断各因素对早产儿及足月小于胎龄儿眼底疾病的影响。结果(1)本研究筛查的439例早产儿及足月小于胎龄儿共检出眼底疾病56例,检出率为12.76%,其中早产儿视网膜病变的检出率最高,为7.06%。(2)多因素Logistic回归分析示,出生孕周<37周、自然分娩、出生体重<2.5 kg、母亲妊娠期绒毛膜羊膜炎、新生儿支气管、肺发育不良、吸氧史为早产儿及足月小于胎龄儿眼底疾病的危险因素,均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论早产儿及足月小于胎龄儿眼底疾病检出率较高,其主要受出生孕周、分娩方式、出生体重等因素的影响,临床可针对上述因素制订早产儿及足月小于胎龄儿眼底疾病预防措施。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the results of fundus screening of premature infants and full-term small for gestational age infants and analyze the risk factors of fundus diseases.METHODS From June 2019 to December 2020,439 premature infants and full-term small for gestational age infants who went through fundus screening in Nanchong Central Hospital were included for research.The perinatal period data of the survey subjects were collected,and the same group of physicians performed fundus screening on the subjects.According to the occurrence of fundus diseases,the subjects were divided into fundus diseases group and non-fundus diseases group.The perinatal data of the two groups were compared,and the effects of various factors on the fundus diseases of premature infants and full-term small for gestational age infants were determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis.RESULTS(1)In this study,56 cases with fundus diseases were detected in 439 premature infants and full-term small for gestational age infants screened,with a detection rate of 12.76%.Among them,the highest retinopathy detection rate in prematurity was 7.06%.The results of logistic regression analysis showed that gestational week under 37 weeks,natural delivery,birth weight lower than 2.5 kg,chorioamnionitis in pregnancy,bronchopathy,lung dysplasia and oxygen inhalation history were the risk factors of premature infants and those with full-term small for gestational age infants,there were all statistical significance(P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS The detection rate of fundus diseases in preterm infants and full-term small for gestational age infants was higher,which was mainly affected by the gestational age,mode of delivery,birth weight and other factors.Clinically,preventive measures could be tailored according to the factors mentioned above.