20世纪上半叶康区政治秩序建构与社会制度的历史选择

The Construction of Political Order and the Historical Choice of Social System in Khams Area in the First Half of the 20th Century

20世纪上半叶,中央政府对康区进行了一系列改革,并逐渐将之纳入省县制度的框架。作为边地多民族省份,省制在康区的施行存在特殊性、复杂性和局限性。国民政府将民族问题定位为地方问题,以地方自治解决康区土司问题,并对农奴制度进行初步改革。由于受康藏局势的影响以及阶级局限性,国民政府没有对农奴制度、土司制度所依存的封建土地所有制进行改革。康巴精英格桑泽仁则从族裔自治的角度提出了废除省制建立自治地方的主张。中华人民共和国成立后,民族区域自治成为康区的制度架构。民主改革后,康区社会制度实现了全面转型,这是近代康藏历史发展和人民选择的结果。

In the first half of the 20th century,the central government of Republic of China carried out a series of reforms in Khams and gradually incorporated them into the provincial and country systems.As a multi-ethnic province on the frontier,the implementation of the provincial system in Khams had its particularity,complexity and limitations.The National Government defined the ethnic issues as a local problem,solved the problem of the minority hereditary headsman in Khams by local autonomy,and carried out a preliminary reform on the feudal serfdom.Due to the influence of the situation in Khams and the class limitations,the National Government did not reform the feudal land ownership which the serfdom system and the chieftain system depended on.Skal-bzang-tshe-ring,an elite of Kangba,put forward the idea of abolishing the provincial system and establishing an autonomous region from the perspective of ethnic autonomy.After the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the Chinese Communist Party adopted regional ethnic autonomy as the institutional framework in Khams.After the democratic reform,the society in Khams realized the comprehensive transformation,which was the inevitable result of the historical development of Khams area in modern times and the people’s choice of modern Kangzang.