不同栽培区气候条件对‘燕山早丰’板栗坚果经济性状的影响

Response of Chestnut Quality of’Yanshanzaofeng’to Climate Factors in Different Cultivation Areas

[目的]筛选影响不同栽培区‘燕山早丰’板栗坚果品质的关键气候因子,建立‘燕山早丰’板栗栽培关键气候因子评价体系,为‘燕山早丰’板栗品种科学种植和引种区划提供理论依据。[方法]以8个不同栽培区‘燕山早丰’板栗品种为研究对象,将坚果品质指标与气候因子进行相关性分析和回归分析,并构建坚果品质指标与关键气候因子的非线性回归方程。[结果]‘燕山早丰’在浙江金华坚果横径(33.63mm)、坚果纵径(26.98 mm)、果形指数(0.73)和单粒质量(10.86 g)均高于其他栽培区,在河北迁西可溶性糖含量(19.01%)和支链淀粉/直链淀粉比值(1.69)均高于其他地区;影响‘燕山早丰’坚果品质的关键气候因子为温度因子、光照因子和水分因子,且温度因子中生长季均温日较差对坚果品质影响最大;‘燕山早丰’在生长季均温日较差25.89℃的生态区域坚果品质表现最佳,其品质指标优化值为:可溶性糖含量25.63%、支链淀粉/直链淀粉比值1.93、蛋白质含量8.32%。[结论]日照时数越长、平均温度越大、生长季均温日较差越大的气候条件有利于‘燕山早丰’甜糯品质的形成。

[Objective]To explore the key climate factors affecting the quality of’Yanshanzaofeng’chestnut in different cultivation areas and establish the key climate factors evaluation system of’Yanshanzaofeng’cultivation for providing theoretical basis for the scientific planting and introduction of’Yanshanzaofeng’.[Methods]Based on’Yanshanzaofeng’planted in eight different growing areas,the correlation and regression analysis were carried out between nut quality indexes and climate factors,and the nonlinear regression equation between nut quality indexes and key climate factors was constructed.[Results]The results showed that the cross diameter(33.63 mm),longitudinal diameter(26.98 mm),fruit shape index(0.73)and single grain weight(10.86 g)of’Yanshanzaofeng’in Jinhua cultivation area were higher than those in other cultivation areas.The soluble sugar content(19.01%)and amylopectin/amylose ratio(1.69)in qianxi cultivation area of Hebei province were higher than those in other areas.The key climate factors affecting the quality of’Yanshanzaofeng’nuts were temperature,light and water,and the daily range of average temperature in growing season had the greatest influence on the quality of nuts.The nut quality of’Yanshanzaofeng’was the best in the ecological area with a daily average temperature difference of 25.89℃in the growing season.The optimal value of quality indexes were soluble sugar 25.63%,amylopectin/amylose ratio 1.93,protein 8.32%.[Conclusion]Climatic conditions such as longer sunshine duration,higher average temperature and greater diurnal range of average temperature in growing season are conducive to the formation of sweet and waxy quality of’Yanshanzaofeng’.