“碳中和”压力下长江生态修复工程的实施路径研究

Study on the implementation approach of the Yangtze River Ecological Restoration Engineering in the context of"Carbon Neutralization"

工程建设和经济发展通过栖息地均质化、生境碎片化等累积效应对长江生态系统产生深远影响,作为反馈,生物多样性的降低正在危及生态稳定的可持续性和生态系统的服务功能,从而威胁人类自身安全。为实现“碳中和”目标,未来8年内长江上游的水电工程将迎来大规模建设期,由于长江生物多样性密集分布区与水能资源丰富区高度重叠,生态恢复面临的挑战将更加复杂严峻。“生态修复”与“碳中和”是中国的两大可持续发展目标,协同水生态安全与长江经济带绿色发展是近年来政府努力的目标,研究实现途径成为亟待解决的科学问题。本研究通过综述基础生态学、河流工程学、保护生态学、生态恢复动力学等领域在水生生物栖息地修复中的研究进展,提出了实施长江生态系统修复的“连通性恢复(Reconnection)、微生境修复(Restoration)、物种池构建(Rehabitation)、功能性恢复(Recovery)、生态再平衡(Rebalance)”的5R路径,为精准开展全流域、多尺度的科技创新和成果应用提供参考。

Engineering construction and economic development have a far-reaching impact on the Yangtze River ecosystem through cumulative effects such as habitat homogenization and habitat fragmentation.As feedback,the reduction of biodiversity is endangering ecological stability and the ecosystem service function,thus threatening human security.To achieve the goal of"Carbon Neutrality",hydropower projects in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River will be developed on a large scale in the next eight years.As a result,the challenges of ecological restoration will be more complex and severe.Ecological restoration and carbon neutralization are China's two major sustainable development goals.Coordinated water ecological security and green development of the Yangtze River economic belt are the goals of the government's efforts in recent years.Studying the ways to achieve them has become an urgent scientific problem to be solved.By reviewing the research progress in the fields of basic ecology,river engineering,conservation ecology,and ecological restoration dynamics,this paper proposed the"5R"path for the multi-scale implementation of the Yangtze River ecosystem restoration for the whole basin,which included“Reconnection,Restoration,Rehabitation,Recovery and Rebalance”.