石油降解菌的筛选与菌群构建

Screening and compounding of petroleum degrading bacteria

为探究菌株协同降解石油的能力与机制,获得更高效的石油降解菌群,从长期被石油污染的油泥样中筛选获得十株具备石油降解能力的细菌命名为X-SY 1~10,并构建了一个更优的降解石油降解菌群。研究了各菌株的石油降解能力,生产表面活性剂的能力并鉴定了各菌株种属以及通过气相色谱质谱联用GC MS法分析了菌株降解前后的石油组分。结果表明,菌株X-SY 1的石油降解能力最高,达到了49.9%±1.9%,且能够高效降解短碳链烃组分,鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌。菌株X-SY 6的降解谱最广,属于贝莱斯芽孢杆菌。菌株X-SY 4产表面活性剂能力最强,鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌。根据以上结果搭配菌群并测定菌群的石油降解率,得X-SY 1、X-SY 4、X-SY 6组成的菌群降解率最高,达到了58.6%±2.1%。说明合理搭配产表面活性剂菌株与降解谱互补的菌株这一策略能有效提升总石油降解率,为石油降解菌群搭配提供新思路。

In order to study the synergistic ability and mechanism of petroleum degradation bacteria,and to obtain more efficient oil degradation bacteria,ten petroleum degradation bacteria were screed from petroleum contaminated sludge samples named as X-SY 110,and a high efficient petroleum degradation slime mold group was created.The petroleum degradation and surfactant produce ability of each strain was studied.The species and genera of the strains were identified and the petroleum components before and after degradation were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Results showed that Bacillus subtilis X-SY 1 had the highest petroleum degradation ability,reaching 49.9%±1.9%,and could degrade short carbon chain hydrocarbon components efficiently.Then,Bacillus velezensis X-SY 6 had the widest degradation spectrum,Bacillus amyloliquefaciens X-SY 4 had the strongest surfactant produce ability.According to the above results,the petroleum degradation rates were determined and the degradation rate of consortium combined by X-SY 1,X-SY 4,X-SY 6 was the highest,reaching 58.6%±2.1%.It was concluded that the strategy of properly collocating surfactant strains and strains with complementary degradation profiles could effectively enhance the total petroleum degradation rate and provided a new idea for collocating petroleum degrading bacteria.