生命科技风险的宪法回应

Constitutional Response to Risks of Life Science and Technology

生命科技风险导致人的主体性受到威胁、法律归责实效性弱化和公共安全不确定性增强,对价值秩序、规范秩序和社会秩序产生影响。然而,由于抽象的宪法价值缺乏限定,传统的文义解释方法难以推动部门法适用,国家权力对社会秩序的干预缺乏必要限度,既有回应方案明显无法有效规制生命科技风险。部门宪法的方法和视角有助于克服既有局限,其在科技领域内的功能指向能够厘定宪法价值,实践面向的解释方法能够强化法律实效性,调整对象的公共性限定有利于矫正社会秩序。据此,需要依托作为部门宪法的科技宪法,通过以实存秩序为根据的制度性保障、以动态性发展为视角的风险管理、以基本权利为取向的法律解释回应生命科技风险。

The risk of life technology leads to the threat of human subjectivity, the weakening of legal imputation effectiveness and the enhancement of the uncertainty of public security, which has an impact on the value order, normative order and social order. However, due to the lack of limitations on abstract constitutional value, the difficulty in promoting the application of departmental laws by traditional textual interpretation methods, and the lack of necessary limits on the intervention of state power in social order, the existing response schemes cannot effectively regulate the risk of life technology. The method and perspective of the departmental constitution can help overcome the existing limitations, its function orientation of the departmental constitution in the field of technology can determine the value of the constitution, the practice oriented interpretation method can strengthen the effectiveness of the law, and the public limitation of the adjustment object is conducive to correcting social order. Therefore, it is necessary to rely on the technology constitution as the departmental constitution to respond to life technology risks through institutional guarantee based on existing order, the risk management from the perspective of dynamic development, and the legal interpretation oriented to fundamental rights.