学生是谁?——基于古今之变的视角

Who is the Student:Based on the Changing Perspective of Ancient and Modern

学生是谁,是教育的根本问题之一。对于这一问题,古典的教育哲人与现代的教育哲人给出了不同的回答。古典教育哲人从自然目的论出发,认为学生是生而卓越的少数人。在对智者派学生观的批判中,柏拉图清晰地阐释了古典的学生观。现代教育哲人则从非自然目的论的角度出发,认为学生是生而平等的所有人。作为现代教育哲人,洛克的学生观与卢梭的学生观看似相反,实则一致,他们都坚持平等以及无志向。对于现代教育来说,一方面要坚持平等的学生观,但同时要意识到学业竞争和学生个性所蕴含的生命的虚无,由此需要激活古典的学生观,在理解和对话中完善现代的学生观。

"Who is the student?" is one of the fundamental problems of education.Classical educational philosophers and modern educational philosophers give different answers.Classical educational philosophers,starting from the teleology of nature,thought that students were the few who were born outstanding.In his criticism of the wise school’s view of students,Plato clearly explained the classical view of students.Modern educational philosophers,on the other hand,think that students are all created equal from the perspective of unnatural teleology.As a modern educational philosopher,Locke’s view of students seems to be opposite to Rousseau’s,but in fact it is the same.Both of them insist on equality and aimlessness.For modern education,on the one hand,we should adhere to the equal student view,but at the same time,we should be aware of the nothingness of life contained in academic competition and student personality,so we need to activate the classical student view and perfect the modern student view in understanding and dialogue.