略论易学中思想诠释与文献实证之间的张力——以坎卦为例

A Brief Discussion on the Tension Between Ideological Interpretation and Documentary Evidence of the Yi Study:Using the Hexagram Kan as an Example

经学中的思想诠释与文献实证之间的张力在易学中尤为突出。以坎卦为例,《易传》诠释出陷、险、水、劳、北方等意义,后世易学家以此为基础进一步诠释并构建思想体系;但从文献实证的视角考察,《易传》的诠释只是对坎卦卦名用字的训诂及引申,后世易学家的诠释是在《易传》基础上的发挥,也引入了《周易》之外的思想观念来服务于自己的思想体系构建。传统的思想诠释长于理论创新,但却缺乏自觉性;而文献实证追求知识的可靠性,力图还原历史“真相”,但短于阐发新思想。当下的易学研究,应该总结和吸收二者的经验教训,扬长避短,使二者相资为用,相得益彰,实现自觉创新。

There is a particularly prominent tension between the interpretation of ideas and the documentary of the Yi study.Using the hexagram Kan as an example,Yizhuan can be interpreted the meanings of subsidence,danger,water,labor,the north,etc.Thus,the later Yi scholars further interpret the ideas and construct the ideological systems.From the evidential study,interpretations of Yizhuan mainly focus on the exegeses and extensions of the hexagram name of Kan.The interpretations of later Yi scholars are based on Yizhuan,which also contain ideas not from Zhouyi to construct their ideological systems.On the one hand,the traditional ideological interpretations are good at theoretical innovation but lack spontaneity.On the other hand,the evidential study pursues the reliability of knowledge and tries to restore historical fact but is not short of expounding new ideas.The current Yi study should summarize and absorb the experiences of the two sides,foster strengths,and avoid weaknesses,making the two complement each other and perform better,and realizing the spontaneous innovation.