农业粮食生产中的碳中和与生态修复

Carbon neutrality and ecological remediation in agricultural grain production

碳中和已成为我国新时代生态文明建设的重要内容,而农业粮食生产过程是温室气体的重要来源。基于“山水林田湖草沙的农业生命共同体”理念及其运行机制,本文阐述了农业粮食生产中的碳中和问题,并对碳中和框架下污染农田或耕地的生态修复进展进行了概述。指出在实施污染生态修复的同时,需要注重生态固碳增汇,并提出石化农业向零化石农业、单施无机肥向无机-有机肥料科学配施以及传统农业向智能农业的转型是实现农业碳中和的必由之路。农田生态修复仍需寻求新的突破,挖掘生态固碳潜力,构建农业碳中和生态系统,这对于实现农业碳中和意义重大。

Carbon neutrality is a vital part of ecological civilization construction in the new era in China. However, a large amount of greenhouse gases can be released from the process of agricultural grain production. Thus, this review firstly elaborated problems of carbon neutrality in agricultural grain production, and summarized some progresses in ecological remediation of contaminated farmlands or cultivated lands under the framework of carbon neutrality, based on the concept of "agricultural life community of mountains, waters,forests, farmlands, lakes, grasses and sands" and its operation mechanisms. While implementing pollution ecological remediation, more attention should be paid to ecological sequestration of carbon and its sink enhancement, and it was proposed that the only way to realize carbon neutrality in agriculture was to shift from petrochemical agriculture to zero fossil agriculture, from single application of inorganic fertilizers to scientific application of combined inorganic and organic fertilizers, and from traditional agriculture to intelligent agriculture.Ecological remediation of contaminated farmlands still needs to seek new breakthroughs, tap the potential of ecological fixation of carbon,and build up carbon-neutral ecosystems for agriculture, which are of great significance for achieving carbon neutrality in agriculture.