不同类型防护手套减振效果和灵巧性分析

Vibration attenuation and dexterity of different types of protective gloves

[背景]佩戴减振手套是一种简单且行之有效的预防手臂振动病的手段。由于振动作业的类型不同,对佩戴的减振手套要求存在差异。[目的]研究不同类型防护手套的减振效果和灵巧性,为振动作业人群科学佩戴减振手套提供依据。[方法]采取典型抽样方法,选择广东省28家企业的接振工人使用的9种防护手套(A、B主要材质为浸胶,C、D、E为橡胶,F、G为纺织纤维,H为棉纱,I为皮革)作为研究对象,调查与测量防护手套的基本参数,依据ISO 10819:2013采用手套振动传递率测试系统测试受试者佩戴不同防护手套的振动传递率,分析减振特征频谱,采用明尼苏达手灵巧度试验的放置试验测试灵巧度。采用Pearson相关分析对手套厚度、振动传递率、灵巧性指数和握力指数之间的相关性进行分析。[结果]橡胶型手套(C、D、E)中、低频段的校正振动传递率平均值■和高频段的校正振动传递率平均值■均小于其他类型手套(分别为0.89~0.91和0.59~0.80),50~200 Hz频段的振动传递率为0.81~0.97,315~1250 Hz频段的振动传递率随着频率增加而下降(最小为0.13);其他类型手套(A、B、F、G、H、I)■分别为0.95~0.98和1.03~1.11,50~200 Hz频段的振动传递率为0.96~1.02,400~1250 Hz频段的振动传递率呈现增高趋势(最大为1.29)。双层防护材料的橡胶型手套(C、D、E)的■以及40~1250 Hz频段的振动传递率较单层防护材料均有明显下降,但其他类型双层材料的手套(F、H、I)的■仍分别大于0.9和大于1.0,25~200 Hz频段的振动传递率较单层防护材料无明显变化(0.91~1.06),250~630 Hz频段的振动传递率增高(最大为1.22)。浸胶型手套(A、B)灵巧性指数和握力指数最小,橡胶型手套C灵巧性和握力指数最大。防护手套厚度与振动传递率呈负相关,与灵巧性指数、握力指数均呈正相关(P<0.05),振动传递率与灵巧性指数、握力指数呈负相关(P<0.05)。[结论]9种手套中,棉纱手套和皮革手套无减振效果,橡胶型手套具有一定减振效果,高频段减振效果优于低频段。手套减振材料越厚,减振效果更佳,但灵巧性越差,应根据实际接振作业选用合适的减振手套。

[Background]Wearing anti-vibration gloves is a simple and effective way to prevent hand-arm vibration disease.The requirements for vibration damping gloves are varied by types of operations exposed to vibration.[Objective]To study the vibration attenuation and dexterity of different types of protective gloves,and to provide reference for scientific wearing of vibration damping gloves for people working with vibration exposure.[Methods]Nine kinds of common protective gloves(A and B were dipping gloves;C,D,and E were rubber gloves;F and G were textile and fabric gloves;H was cotton gloves;I was leather gloves)used by worke rs exposed to vibration in 28 fa ctories in Guangdong Province we re selected protective gloves were investigated and measured.According to ISO 10819:2013,a glove vibration transmissibility(GVT)test system was used to detect the vibration transmissibility values and analyze vibration attenuation characteristics of the subjects wearing different protective gloves.The dexterity was tested by Minnesota Manual Dexterity Test.Pearson test was used to analyze the correlations among glove thickness,vibration transmissibility,dexterity score,and grip strength score.[Results]For rubber gloves(C,D,and E),the associated average adjusted vibration transmissibility at middle and low frequencies■and average adjusted vibration transmissibility at high frequency■were lower than those of other gloves(0.89-0.91 and 0.59-0.80 respectively),the vibration transmissibility values of 50-200 Hz frequency band was 0.81-0.97,and the vibration transmissibility values of 315-1250 Hz frequency band decreased with the increase of frequency(the minimum value was 0.13).For other types of gloves(A,B,F,G,H,and I),the■were 0.95-0.98 and 1.03-1.11 respectively,the vibration transmissibility values of 50-200 Hz frequency band was0.96-1.02,and the vibration transmissibility values of 400-1250 Hz frequency band increased(the maximum value was 1.29).The■and vibration transmissibility values of 40-1250 Hz frequency band of rubber gloves with double-layer protective materials(C,D,and E)were significantly lower than those of gloves with single-layer protective materials.But the■of gloves of other types with double-layer materials(F,H,and I)were still greater than 0.9 and 1.0 respectively.Compared with single-layer protective materials,the gloves of other types with double-layer materials showed no significant changes in the vibration transmissibility values of 25-200 frequency band(0.91-1.06),and an increase in the vibration transmissibility values of 250-630 Hz frequency band(the maximum value was 1.22).The dexterity scores and grip strength scores of dipping gloves(A and B)were the lowest.Rubber gloves C had the highest dexterity score and grip strength score.The thickness of protective gloves was negatively correlated with the vibration transmissibility values,and positively correlated with the dexterity score and the grip strength score(P<0.05).The vibration transmissibility value was negatively correlated with the dexterity sco re and the grip strength score(P<0.05).[Conclusion]Among the 9 kinds of gloves,cotton gloves and leather gloves have no damping effect.Rubber gloves have certain vibration reduction effect,and the vibration reduction effect on high frequency band is better than that on low frequency band.The thicker the damping material is,the better the damping effect is,but the less the dexterity is.Appropriate damping gloves should be selected acco rding to actual vibration operations.