深圳市宝安区二年级小学生饮食行为及其影响因素分析

Analysis of dietary behavior and its influencing factors of second-grade pupils in Bao’an District,Shenzhen City

目的了解深圳市宝安区二年级小学生的饮食行为现状及其影响因素,为有针对性地开展学生饮食行为干预提供依据。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,抽取宝安区10所学校二年级共918名学生及家长进行饮食相关行为调查,用多元线性回归方法分析小学生饮食行为的影响因素。结果二年级小学生每周食用6 d及以上牛奶、蔬菜、水果的报告率分别为60.24%、69.28%、60.02%;经常看生产日期、阅读营养标签、参与买菜和做饭的报告率分别为66.45%、59.04%、25.05%,仅有11.22%的学生从不偏食、挑食。多因素分析显示,女生的饮食行为好于男生(β的95%CI=0~0.67,P=0.048),学生营养知识(β的95%CI=0.17~0.33,P<0.001)、家长饮食行为(β的95%CI=0.16~0.34,P<0.001)、学生运动时间(β的95%CI=0.29~0.63,P<0.001)和学生认为营养知识的重要性(β的95%CI=1.14~2.23,P<0.001)等可促进学生养成良好饮食行为习惯。结论本区二年级小学生不良饮食行为普遍存在,其饮食行为主要受性别、学生营养知识态度和家长行为的影响。

Objective To understand the status of dietary behavior and its influencing factors among second grade primary school students in Bao’an District,Shenzhen City,so as to provide evidence for the targeted intervention of student dietary behavior.Methods By using therandom cluster sampling method,Totally 918 students and their parents from 10schools’second grade were investigated on diet-related behaviors Bao’an District,and the influencing factors of primary school students’dietary behaviors were analyzed by multiple linear regression.Results The reported rates of second grade primary school students eating milk,vegetables,and fruits for 6 days or more per week were 60.24%、69.28%、60.02%espectively.The reported rates of frequently looking at the production date,reading nutrition labels,participating in buying vegetables,and cooking were 66.45%,59.04%,and 25.05%respectively,and only 11.22%of the students were never partial or picky about food.Multivariate analysis showed that the dietary behavior of primary school students was related that girls’dietary behaviors better than boys(β95%CI=0-0.67,P=0.048),nutrition knowledge of students(β95%CI=0.17-0.33,P<0.001),dietary behavior of parents(β95%CI=0.16-0.34,P<0.001),student exercise time(β95%CI=0.29-0.63,P<0.001),and students’attention to the importance of nutrition knowledge(β95%CI=1.14-2.23,P<0.001)were promoting factors for students’good dietary behaviors.Conclusion The unhealthy dietary behavior of primary school students is widespread in Bao’an District,Shenzhen.The main findings are that the dietary behavior of primary school students is mainly affected by gender,students’nutrition knowledge and attitude,and parents’behavior.