2016—2021年灌云县手足口病流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Guanyun County from 2016 to 2021

目的分析灌云县2016—2021年手足口病流行特征,为手足口病的防控提供参考依据。方法采用描述性统计方法,分析灌云县手足口病的流行特征以及病原学变化等。结果2016—2021年灌云县手足口病4205例,呈现出“隔年高发”特征,年平均发病率为67.50/10万;4—6月和10—12月为高发期;男性占比明显高于女性;0~4岁散居儿童居多;伊山镇、侍庄街道和东王集镇发病率位居前三。2016—2017年确诊患儿病原以EV71为主,2018—2021年以Cox A6为主。8例重症病例集中在1~5岁,确诊的重症患者以EV71感染为主。结论灌云县手足口病疫情具有“隔年高发”和季节性“双峰流行”特征,以0~4岁散居儿童为高发人群和灌云县县城及周边镇(街)为高发区域。EV71灭活疫苗接种能有效预防EV71病毒引发的手足口病。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD)in Guanyun County from 2016 to 2021,so as to provide references for the prevention and control of HFMD.Methods A descriptive statistical method was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and etiological changes of HFMD in Guanyun County.Results Form 2016 to 2021,there were 4205 cases of HFMD in Guanyun County,showing the characteristics of“high incidence in alternate years”,and the average annual incidence rate was 67.50/105.April-June and OctoberDecember were the high-incidence periods.The proportion of men was significantly higher than that of women.There were mostly scattered children aged 0-4 years.Yishan Town,Shizhuang Subdistrict,and Dongwangji Town ranked among the top three in terms of incidence.From 2016 to 2017,the pathogen of children diagnosed was mainly EV71,and was mainly Cox A6 from 2018 to 2021.The 8 severe cases were concentrated in 1-5 years old,and the confirmed severe patients were still mainly infected with EV71.Conclusions The epidemic of HFMD in Guanyun County has the characteristics of“high incidence in other years”and seasonal“bimodal epidemic”,with scattered children aged 0-4 years old as the high incidence group and the county seat and surrounding towns(streets)of Guanyun County as the high incidence area.EV71 inactivated vaccination can effectively prevent HFMD caused by EV71 virus.