武汉市新洲区中小学生近视及其影响因素调查

Survey of myopia and its influencing factors among primary and middle school students in Xinzhou District of Wuhan City

目的分析武汉市新洲区中小学生近视状况及其影响因素,为针对性制订辖区视力健康管理干预措施和防控策略提供科学依据。方法于2020年10月采用分层整群随机抽样的方法对武汉市新洲区5所中小学的学生进行视力检查,并通过问卷调查其用眼情况。采用多因素logistic回归分析近视的影响因素。结果本研究共调查1002人,其中小学生385人,初中生432人,高中生185人。2020年武汉市新洲区中小学生总近视率为56.5%,其中小学生为43.4%,初中生为60.0%,高中生为75.7%,比较各学段近视率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=56.749,P<0.001);按照性别分层,女生的近视率为62.4%,男生的近视率为51.6%,比较男女生近视率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=11.671,P<0.001)。多因素logistic回归结果显示,女生、初中生和高中生的近视可能性较大(OR=1.510,1.846,3.206;95%CI=1.150~1.923,1.261~2.703,1.878~5.472);近距离用眼时间≥1 h才休息、平均每天看电脑≥2 h是导致中小学生近视的危险因素(OR=1.745,1.835;95%CI=1.315~2.315,1.271~2.649),每天户外运动时间≥2 h和睡眠时间≥8 h是防止中小学生近视的保护因素(OR=0.508,0.626;95%CI=0.371~0.695,0.431~0.910)。结论武汉市新洲区中小学生近视防控工作应重点关注女生、初中生和高中生,加强健康教育指导中小学生保障睡眠、减少电子屏幕和近距离用眼的时间,并增加户外运动。

Objective To explore the myopia status among primary and middle school students in Xinzhou District of Wuhan City,so as to provide scientific evidence for the development of visual health management intervention measures and prevention and control strategies.Methods In October 2020,students from five primary and secondary schools in Xinzhou District of Wuhan City were selected as research objects by a stratified cluster random sampling method and examined,and their eye use was investigated by questionnaire.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of myopia.Results A total of 1002 students were investigated,including 385 primary school students,432 junior high school students,and 185 senior high school students.In 2020,the total myopia rate of primary and secondary school students in Xinzhou District of Wuhan City was 56.5%,including 43.4%of primary school students,60.0%of junior high school students,and 75.7%of senior high school students.There was statistical significance in comparing the myopia rates of various school segments(χ^(2)=56.749,P<0.001).According to gender stratification,the myopia rate of girls was 62.4%,and that of boys was 51.6%.There was a statistically significant difference in the myopia rates between boys and girls(χ^(2)=11.671,P<0.001).The results of multivariate logistic regression showed that girls,junior high school students,and senior high school students were more likely to be nearsighted(OR=1.510,1.846,3.206;95%CI=1.150-1.923,1.261-2.703,1.878-5.472).The risk factors of myopia in primary and secondary school students were that they spent more than 1 h at close range before taking a rest and watched the computer for more than 2 h on average every day(OR=1.745,1.835;95%CI=1.315-2.315,1.271-2.649).The protective factors of myopia in primary and secondary school students were that they spent more than 2 h outdoor sports every day and slept more than 8 h(OR=0.508,0.626;95%CI=0.371-0.695,0.431-0.910).Conclusions The prevention and control of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Xinzhou District of Wuhan City still need to be strengthened.We should focus on girls and junior and senior high school students,strengthen health education to guide primary and secondary school students to ensure sleep,reduce the time spent on electronic screens and close eye contact,and increase outdoor sports.