重新思考全球治理:一项知识考古学研究

Rethinking Global Governance:the Archaeology of Knowledge Approach

知识考古学是一种考察知识如何生成的方法论,核心是“权力即知识”。运用知识考古学的方法重新思考全球治理,不仅是因为全球治理概念重要,更是因为该方法注重知识与权力、话语与政治的关联,适用于追溯全球治理的概念建构与知识生产的整个过程。从知识考古学出发,全球治理的历史形态经历了从自由国际主义到国家垄断主义,再到企业自由主义以及新自由主义全球治理模式的变迁,是不同主导力量统治世界的一种秩序或者观念。尤其是在新自由主义全球治理时期,作为学术概念的全球治理与新自由主义力量之间进行了深刻互动,全球治理的知识体系甚至是受新自由主义及其背后的权力关系所主导的。在国际体系权力转移与话语变革的背景下,治理尤其是全球治理也需要包容和吸纳非西方国家的观念。以中国为代表的非西方世界为全球治理的知识生产与话语变革做出了重要贡献,同时,全球治理本身也正在走向多元化。

The archaeology of knowledge refers to a methodology that examines how knowledge is produced, with “power is knowledge” at its core. The use of the archaeology of knowledge approach to rethink global governance is driven not only by the important but ambiguous reality of the concept of global governance, but also by its focus on the links between knowledge and power, discourse and politics,and its applicability in tracing the entire process of conceptual construction and knowledge production in global governance. From the archaeology of knowledge,the historical shape of global governance has undergone changes from liberal internationalism to state monopolism, to corporate liberalism and to the neoliberal model of global governance as an order or concept of world domination by different dominant forces. In particular, during the period of neoliberal global governance, a profound interaction emerged between global governance as an academic concept and neoliberal forces, and the body of knowledge of global governance was even dominated by neoliberalism and the power relations behind it. In the context of power shifts and discursive changes in the international system, governance,especially global governance, also needs to embrace and incorporate non-Western concepts. The non-Western world, represented by China, has made important contributions to the production of knowledge and discursive changes in global governance, while global governance itself is becoming pluralistic.