奥运场馆的过去、现在与未来

The Past, Present and Future of Olympic Venues

奥运场馆作为举办奥运会的重要前提和物质基础,其赛后利用问题备受关注。国际奥委会于2022年初发布了《超过125年的奥运场馆:赛后利用》,就奥运场馆的使用情况进行了全面梳理。本文以该报告为依据,深入分析奥运场馆的过去、现在与未来,发现充分利用已有场馆是过去百年来奥运场馆发展的重要经验,但20世纪后期,新建场馆在奥运场馆中的比例呈现快速上升趋势,现在奥运场馆数量大幅增加,夏奥会场馆逐步以已有场馆和临时场馆为主,冬奥会场馆使用已有场馆呈现“U”型变化趋势,新建场馆比例开始骤降。奥运场馆未来将呈现以下特点:多个城市联合举办,充分改造利用已有场馆;注重场馆可持续性,改造建设绿色场馆;增强场馆设计韧性,鼓励共享使用场馆;场馆容量不再限制,满足使用需求即可;大量使用临时场馆,降低赛后运营压力;成为城市发展触媒,促进城市更新发展。

As an important prerequisite and the material basis for hosting the Olympic Games, the utilization of Olympic venues after the Games has attracted much attention. In early 2022, the International Olympic Committee released the report Over 125 Years of Olympic Venues: Post-Game Use, which provides a comprehensive review of the use of Olympic venues. Based on the report, this paper makes an in-depth analysis on the past, present and future of Olympic venues, and points out that making full use of existing venues is an important experience in the development of Olympic venues in the past hundred years. However, in the late 20th century, the proportion of newly built venues in Olympic venues showed a rapid rising trend, and now the number of Olympic venues has increased significantly. Summer Olympic venues are gradually and mainly made of existing venues and temporary venues. The use of existing venues for Winter Olympic Games shows a U-shaped trend, and the proportion of newly built venues begins to plummet. The Olympic venues will display the following characteristics in the future: to be jointly held by multiple cities which will make full use of the existing venues, to emphasize the sustainability and construct green venues;to promote the flexibility of design and the sharing of venues, to break the capacity limit of venues to meet the needs, to use temporary venues as many as possible to reduce the operation pressure after the Games, to be catalysts for urban development and to promote urban city renewal and development.