拉夫堡足球传球测试:方法、解读和展望

Loughborough Soccer Passing Test:Methodology,Interpretations and Inspirations

技术能力是决定足球胜负的关键。拉夫堡足球传球测试(LSPT)作为评价足球运动员传球、带球、控球和决策能力的综合技能测试方法,因其具有较高信效度而在实际应用中的优势得以凸显。基于筛选所得的40篇实验性研究,从研发历史、测试方法和研究现状对LSPT进行综述,并对其细节和机制进行解读,最后从信效度提升和应用2个方面对LSPT进行展望。LSPT的信效度检验以及其在训练/心理因素对足球运动员综合技能的干预效果评价中的应用是目前LSPT研究的重点。未来的研究方向可集中在:(1)改良方法以进一步提升LSPT的信效度;(2)探究LSPT的结果与长期比赛表现的相关性;(3)建立更大年龄和运动水平跨度的评价标准;(4)探究身体和心理因素对LSPT表现的影响;(5)探究LSPT用于诱导运动性心理疲劳或作为综合技能训练方法的可能性。研究认为我国现有的各层级足球选材和能力测试中的技能测试方法可借鉴LSPT。

Skill is the key to the success of soccer. The Loughborough Soccer Passing Test(LSPT), as a multifaceted skill test to evaluate the passing, dribbling, controlling and decision-making abilities, has high reliability and validity, which makes it noticeable among numerous skill tests. Based on 40 included experimental studies, this paper reviews LSPT from development history, test methods and research status to interpreting the details and mechanisms, eventually, appeals for more modifications and applications. Previous Researches mainly focused on the reliability & validity of LSPT and the applications in evaluating the effects of training/psychological interventions on players’ comprehensive skills in recent years. Further researches are recommended to modify the test protocol aiming to improve the reliability and validity, to explore the correlation between LSPT results and long-term in-game performances, to establish suitable test criteria for other ages and competitive levels, to explore the effect of physical/psychological factors on LSPT performance, to explore the feasibility of LSPT as a protocol to induce mental fatigue or improve multifaceted skills. LSPT may provide a suitable reference for improving the skill tests in talent identification and assessment of soccer players at all levels in China.