基于动态规划的城市客车挡位决策优化方法研究

Study on Method of Urban Bus Gearshift Decision Optimization Based on Dynamic Programming Algorithm

为解决城市客车传统挡位决策方法难以适应不同工况、无法兼顾动力性和燃油经济性等问题,提出了一种基于动态规划的挡位决策优化方法。首先,以7d的城市客车运行数据为样本,采用主成分分析、K-means聚类分析构建出3类工况:畅通、一般畅通、拥挤;然后,采用含不同惩罚因子的动态规划算法提取适用于不同工况的换挡规律;最后进行综合线路工况下的仿真验证。结果表明,对比原有换挡规律,所提出的挡位决策优化方法有效提高燃油经济性,高挡位利用率提高了18.5%,累计燃油消耗量降低了7.22%。

In order to solve the problems that original gearshift mode of urban bus can not adapt to different conditions and can not take into account the power performance and economic performance,a gearshift decision optimization method based on dynamic programming is proposed.Firstly,based on the one-week operation data of city buses,principal component analysis and K-means cluster analysis are used to construct three operating conditions:unimpeded,generally unimpeded and crowded.Secondly,dynamic programming algorithm with different penalty factors is used to extract the optimal shift schedules applicable to different working conditions.Finally,the simulation verification is carried out under the integrated condition of line.The result shows that compared with the original shift mode,the proposed gearshift decision optimization method can effectively improve the fuel economy,the high gear utilization rate is increased by 18.5%,and the cumulative fuel consumption is reduced by 7.22%.