安全韧性城市防灾减灾发展策略研究

Strategies for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation in Safety and Resilient Cities

在极端气候和环境变化加剧的背景下,快速城市化进程使得城市公共安全面临越来越多的风险与挑战。安全韧性城市建设聚焦城市防灾减灾问题,是推动城市高质量发展的重要抓手。本文基于城市防灾减灾与安全发展的现实需求,提出我国安全韧性城市建设在防灾减灾方面存在的问题,深度剖析当前安全韧性城市建设面临的诸多挑战。在城市防灾减灾与安全发展的理念下,提出制度韧性、社会韧性、工程韧性、技术韧性四个安全韧性城市建设要点。并针对安全韧性城市防灾减灾发展提出对策建议:健全灾害防治法律标准,建立高效应急协同机制;推进多元主体协同共治,构建防灾减灾救灾新格局;提升社会灾害风险意识,筑牢社会防线;加快防灾减灾基础设施建设,提升城市设防水平;强化防灾减灾科技和专业人才力量建设,提升风险治理水平。

As extreme climate and environmental changes increase,urban public safety faces increasing risks and challenges owing to the rapid urbanization process.The construction of safety resilient cities focuses on urban disaster prevention and mitigation and can promote high-quality urban development.Considering the demand for urban disaster prevention,mitigation,and safe development,this study reviewed the problems existing in urban disaster prevention and mitigation and analyzed the current challenges facing the construction of safety resilient cities.Moreover,four key aspects for building a safety resilient city are proposed,namely institutional,social,engineering,and technological resilience.Furthermore,the following suggestions for the development of safety resilient cities are proposed:(1)improving legal standards for disaster prevention and control and establishing an efficient emergency response coordination mechanisms;(2)promoting multi-subject collaborative governance to build a new pattern for disaster prevention,mitigation,and relief;(3)strengthening the awareness of disaster risks to build a solid defense line in society;(4)accelerating the construction of disaster prevention and mitigation infrastructure to improve urban fortification;and(5)strengthening the development of technologies and skilled professionals for disaster prevention and mitigation to improve risk governance.