全科专硕培养方案探讨与实践

Discussion and practice on the training scheme of professional degree masters of general medicine

为了满足广大人民群众不断增加的对卫生保健的需求,现代医学模式从专科医疗为主导的生物医学模式向全科医疗为导向的生物-心理-社会医学模式转变,促进了全科医学迅猛发展。全科医学是一门整合临床、预防、康复及健康管理等多学科于一体的综合性医疗专业学科。全科医生是全科医学的重要执行者,如何培养高素质的全科医生已成为医学教育中推进健康中国的重要内容。全科医生的主要职责是为个人、家庭与社区居民提供综合性、协调性、连续性的基本医疗保健服务。作为全科医学建设、发展和维护的重要后备力量,全科专业型硕士(简称“全科专硕”)要以社区需求为导向,特别针对老年社区患者的多器官多系统疾病特点进行全方位培养。因而,这对全科专硕培养提出了很大的挑战。一名合格的全科专硕既是全科医疗服务的提供者,也是全科医学领域的教育者和研究者。目前,我国全科专硕的培养体系尚不成熟,缺乏一套完整的培养方案。笔者结合自身多年的带教经验,通过对本院全科专硕培养过程中存在的部分问题以及新冠疫情中暴露出来的问题进行探讨和分析,重点围绕全科专硕的临床诊疗能力、带教授课能力、科学研究能力、传染病防控能力以及医患与人际沟通能力这5个方面,提出一些可行性的建议和对策,以期为全科专硕培养模式的持续优化和完善提供理论支持和实践参考,进而为社会源源不断地输送高层次全科人才,使其成为全科医学的主力军,满足居民健康需求的同时,促进全科医学的持续发展。

To meet the increasing demands for health care by the public,the modern medical model changed from the specialised medical-oriented biomedical model to the general medical-oriented and bio-psycho-social medical models,it promoted the rapid development of general medicine.General medicine is a comprehensive medical specialty that integrates clinical,preventive,rehabilitation and health management disciplines.General practitioners are important practitioners of general medicine.How to train high-quality general practitioners has become an important part of promoting healthy China in medical education.The major responsibility of general practitioners is to provide comprehensive,coordinated and continuous essential health care services for individuals,families and communities.As an important supporting force for the construction,development and maintenance of general medicine,professional degree masters of general medicine should be oriented to the needs of communities,especially for diseases of patients from elderly communities typically involve multiple organs and systems.Therefore,it leads to great challenges in the training of professional degree masters of general medicine.A capable professional degree master of general medicine is not only a provider but also an educator and researcher.The training system for the professional degree masters of general medicine in China is still in the development stage,and a comprehensive training program is lacking.Based on the author's own teaching experience for a number of years,this paper analysed and discussed several issues in the training program of professional degree masters of general medicine in our hospital,particularly the problems exposed in the pandemic.We have also raised suggestions and strategies regarding these issues in terms of clinical diagnosis and treatment ability,teaching ability,scientific research ability,infectious disease prevention and control ability and doctor-patient and interpersonal communication ability of professional during the pandemic.This work may provide theoretical support and practical references for the continuous optimisation and improvement of the training mode of professional degree masters of general medicine.The training of professional degree masters of general medicine can continuously supply high-level general practitioners for the society,making them the main force of general medicine.Such training will not only meet the health needs of the population but also promote the sustainable development of general medicine.