“住”与“着”的句法地位及历时演化

Syntactic Status and Diachronic Evolution of“住(Zhu)”and“着(Zhao)”

动结式补语“住”与“着(zhao)”在汉语中分为结果补语和动相补语。共时和历时的考察表明,“着”语法化至动相补语阶段后又继续向时体助词演化,而“住”却仍然停留在动相补语阶段。在生成语法中,功能范畴是动结式的核心,因此是语法演化的动因。结果补语和动相补语分别由Bec和Path两个功能范畴引进,前者决定动结式的达成义,后者决定动结式的路径或阶段义。

Verb-resultative complement“住(zhu)”and“着(zhao)”are divided into result complement and phase complement in Chinese.The results of synchronic and diachronic studies show that“着(zhao)”continues to evolve into an aspect auxiliary after grammaticalization to phase complement,while“着(zhao)”still stays as a phase complement.In generative grammar,functional category is the core of resultative constructions,so it is the cause of grammatical evolution.The resultative complement and the phase complement are introduced by the two functional categories of Bec and Path respectively.The former determines the achievement meaning of the resultative construction,and the latter determines the path or stage meaning of the resultative construction.