氮水协同对玉米干物质和氮素累积与氮素运移及利用效率的影响

Effects of Nitrogen and Water Collaborative Supply on Accumulation and Distribution of Dry Matter and Nitrogen,Nitrogen Transport and Use Efficiency of corn

【目的】研究氮水协同供应对驻玉216品种干物质和氮素累积与分配、氮素运移及利用效率的影响。【方法】采用裂区试验设计,设置施氮和灌水2个因素,3个灌溉水平W0(0 m^(3)/hm^(2))、W_(1)(750 m^(3)/hm^(2))、W_(2)(1500 m^(3)/hm^(2));3个施氮水平N_(0)(0 kg/hm^(2))、N_(1)(150 kg/hm^(2))、N_(2)(300 kg/hm^(2))。【结果】W_(2)灌水量(1500 m^(3)/hm^(2))和N_(1)施氮量(150 kg/hm^(2))氮水协同供应下成熟期地上部干物质和氮素积累量、氮素吸收效率最高,W_(1)灌水量(750 m^(3)/hm^(2))和N_(1)施氮量(150 kg/hm^(2))氮水协同供应有利于干物质和氮素累积向籽粒内运移,提高营养器官氮素运移量,增加籽粒内的分配比重,提高氮素利用效率、氮素运移效率、氮素运移贡献率、氮肥农学效率和氮肥偏生产力。【结论】综合籽粒产量与节肥节水因素,灌水量750 m^(3)/hm^(2)、施氮量150 kg/hm^(2)是驻玉216品种灌水施肥最优组合。

【Objective】To study the effects of nitrogen and water collaborative supply on accumulation and distribution of dry matter and nitrogen,nitrogen transport and use efficiency of maize hybrid Zhuyu 216.【Methods】Split plots experiments on two factors of nitrogen and irrigation were designed,and there were three irrigation levels:W0(0 m^(3)/hm^(2)),W_(1)(750 m^(3)/hm^(2))and W_(2)(1,500 m^(3)/hm^(2))and three nitrogen application levels:N_(0)(0 kg/hm^(2)),N_(1)(150 kg/hm^(2))and N_(2)(300 kg/hm^(2)).【Results】The results showed that the accumulation of aboveground dry matter and nitrogen at maturity stage,and nitrogen absorption efficiency were the highest under nitrogen and water collaborative supply of W_(2)water(1,500 m^(3)/hm^(2))and N_(1)nitrogen(150 kg/hm^(2)),the collaborative supply of N_(1)nitrogen(150 kg/hm^(2))and W_(1)water(750 m^(3)/hm^(2))was conducive to the accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen migration into grains,which increased the nitrogen transport amount in vegetative organs,enhanced the distribution proportion in grains,and raised nitrogen use efficiency,nitrogen transport efficiency,nitrogen transport contribution rate,nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity.【Conclusion】Comprehensively considering the grain yield and fertilizer and water saving factors,the combination of irrigation amount 750 m^(3)/hm^(2)and nitrogen amount 150 kg/hm^(2)was the optimal one for maize hybrid Zhuyu 216 based on the experiment results.