环渤海五省市番茄市场横向整合与纵向整合分析

Research on Horizontal Integration and Vertical Integration of Tomato Market of Five Provinces and Cities in the Bohai Sea Rim

【目的】研究环渤海地区五省市番茄市场横向整合和纵向整合,反映区域之间番茄价格传导的效率,为番茄跨区域市场整合提供参考。【方法】以环渤海地区五省市番茄批发价格和零售价格为研究对象,利用协整检验、误差修正模型和格兰杰因果关系检验,研究环渤海地区五省市番茄市场横向整合和纵向整合。【结果】除了天津市-辽宁省、河北省-山东省、辽宁省-山东省番茄批发价格组合不存在协整关系外,其他省区之间番茄批发价的两两组合都存在协整关系;在存在协整关系的组合中,当番茄批发价格受到冲击偏离长期均衡状态时,横向市场间的误差修正机制可以消除主销区这种价格偏离,北京市消除这种偏离水平需要10.5~16.7 d,天津市消除这种偏离水平需要13.0~13.5 d;除辽宁省外,其他主产区这种修正机制不显著。北京市番茄零售价格分别与天津市、河北省、山东省番茄批发价格存在协整关系,当北京市番茄零售价格受到冲击偏离长期均衡状态时,纵向市场间的误差修正机制可以消除番茄零售价格的偏离,北京市消除番茄零售价格偏离水平需要26.3~40 d,除了天津市外,其他2个省区这种修正机制不显著。【结论】五省市批发价格传导总体顺畅,能够实现番茄价格的整体均衡与联动,番茄市场横向整合程度较高;在跨区域的番茄批发价格与零售价格传导过程中,批发价格在价格传导中处于主导地位,五省市番茄市场纵向整合程度较高。

【Objective】Through the research on the horizontal and vertical integration of tomato markets in the five provinces and cities,this paper aims to reflect the efficiency of tomato price transmission between regions and provides a reference for the integration of tomato markets across regions.【Methods】Using the wholesale price and retail price of tomato from January 1,2018 to April 15,2019 in five provinces and cities in the Bohai Rim region,and using co-integration test,error correction model and Granger causality test,this paper studied the horizontal integration and vertical integration of the tomato market in five provinces and cities in the Bohai Rim region.【Results】Except the combination of Tianjin-Liaoning,Hebei-Shandong,Liaoning-Shandong,there is no co-integration relationship between the tomato wholesale price combinations,and the pair of tomato wholesale price combinations between other provinces or cities had a certain co-integration relationship;In a combination with a co-integration relationship,when tomato wholesale prices were impacted and deviated from the long-term equilibrium state,the error correction mechanism between horizontal markets could eliminate this price deviation in the main sales area.It took 10.5 days to 16.7 for Beijing to eliminate this deviation.And,it took 13.0 days to 13.5 days for Tianjin to eliminate this deviation level;except Liaoning Province,this correction mechanism was not significant in other major producing areas.There was a co-integration relationship between the retail price of tomato in Beijing and the wholesale price of tomatoes in Tianjin,Hebei,and Shandong.When the retail price of tomato in Beijing was impacted and deviated from the long-term equilibrium,the error correction mechanism between vertical markets could eliminate the price deviation.It took about from 26.3 days to 40 days for Beijing to eliminate the deviation of tomato retail prices.Except Tianjin,this correction mechanism was not significant in the other two provinces.【Conclusion】The wholesale price of tomato is smooth,so the overall balance and linkage of tomato prices can be achieved and the horizontal integration of the tomato market is relatively high.In the process of tomato wholesale price and retail price transmission,wholesale prices are dominant in price transmission.To sum up,the vertical integration of the tomato market in the five provinces and cities is relatively high.