全球应对气候变化的现状、挑战及油气行业对策——第26届联合国气候变化大会后行动进展及第27届大会展望

The status quo and challenges of global response to climate change and the countermeasures of oil and gas industry——Progress on climate change actions after UNFCCC COP26 and prospects of COP27

2021年举办的第26届联合国气候变化大会(COP26)细化了《巴黎协定》实施措施,开启了国际社会全面应对气候变化行动的新征程。然而自2021年以来,全球经济在新冠肺炎疫情、地缘冲突、极端天气等多重压力之下步入艰难时刻,各国不得不竭力应对通货膨胀、能源危机等燃眉之急,应对气候变化的形势也随之更加严峻。当前各主要国家均在持续大力发展可再生能源和电动汽车等清洁能源产业,但在减少化石能源投资和使用以及国际合作方面有所放缓,力度不足。目前全球气候治理面临长期愿景与短期目标、全球气候治理机制与日益复杂的国际局势、气候行动紧迫性与经济技术现实之间三重主要矛盾。结合行业现状,对油气企业提出了应对气候变化的建议:协调短期和长期目标,完善并细化低碳转型路径;利用高油价红利期,加快推动低碳业务发展;全面评估气候变化对生产经营活动的风险和影响,提高气候韧性。

In 2021,the 26thUnited Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26) set a new milestone in global climate change action by fleshing out the practical implementation of the Paris Agreement.Since then,however,the COVID-19,together with geopolitical conflicts and extreme weather,has exacerbated the development challenges for the world economy and casted a long shadow over the future.While the world is struggling through inflation and energy crisis,the window to avert catastrophic climate change is rapidly narrowing.Currently,major countries continue to develop such clean energy industries as renewable energy and electric vehicles and there has been a slowdown in reducing fossil fuel investment and use,as well as in international cooperation.Global climate governance is threatened by such three key challenges as the inconformity between long-term and short-term goals,the incompatibility between the existing climate governance mechanism and the increasingly complex & volatile international situations,and the inadequacy of available technology to match the urgency of climate actions.The paper further suggests that oil and gas companies should align their long-term and short-term climate goals to detail the low-carbon transition path;take advantage of the dividend period of high oil prices to accelerate the development of low-carbon business;and comprehensively assesse the risks and impacts of climate change on production and business activities to improve climate resilience based on the industry current status.