油气体制改革对中国城镇燃气企业的影响分析

Impact of oil and gas system reform on urban gas enterprises in China

中国油气体制改革的主要内容是产业链改革和价格市场化改革,天然气中游设施逐步独立运行、管输定价方式由“一企一率”转变为“一区一率”、行业监管政策愈加严格、大用户直供将压缩城燃企业的盈利空间、天然气价格逐步市场化。城燃企业发展痛点主要在于,调峰储气能力建设滞后,缺乏稳定的气源供应,利润空间被进一步压缩,将高价调峰气进行顺导存在较大困难,县级及以上行政区划城燃市场饱和,天然气定价权基本由上游供应商把控,议价能力弱。为进一步发展,城燃企业可逐步向上游寻求产业链延伸、发展非气业务、探索新能源业务。建议城燃企业在发展新业务时首先确保输配主营业务的稳固,储气调峰设施能力的建设与气源供应商进行多元化合作,推动省级管网独立运行,打通上下游直接对接的输送壁垒。

The reform of China’s oil and gas system mainly includes such aspects as industrial chain reform, price reform towards market-orientation, gradually operating of midstream facilities of natural gas independently, the pricing method of pipeline transport changing from “one enterprise with one rate” to “one area with one rate”, the increasing strict industry regulatory policies, the compressing profit space of urban gas enterprises by direct supply of large users, and the natural gas prices with gradual market-orientation. The pain point of urban gas enterprise development mainly lies in the lagging construction of peak-shaving and gas storage, the lack of stable gas supply, further compression of profit space, the great difficulties in planning guidance of the peak-shaving gas with high price, the saturated market of urban gas in administrative regions at and above the county level nationwide, natural gas pricing controlled by upstream supplies and weak bargain ability. For further development,urban gas enterprises can gradually seek the extension of industrial chain, develop non-gas business, and explore new energy business from the upstream. It is suggested that urban gas enterprises should first ensure the stability of the main business of transmission and distribution when developing new businesses, and conduct diversified cooperation with gas source suppliers in the construction of gas storage and peak-shaving facilities, so as to promote the independent operation of provincial pipe networks and break through the transportation barriers of direct connection between the upstream and the downstream.