孕晚期孕妇B族链球菌感染的相关影响因素及对新生儿的影响分析

Influencing factors for group B streptococcus infection in women at late trimester of pregnancy and its influence on neonates

目的 研究孕晚期孕妇B族链球菌感染(GBS)的相关影响因素及对新生儿的影响。方法 回顾性分析2019年1月—2021年12月在本院产检并分娩的1 239例孕妇及其所分娩的新生儿,通过单因素及多因素logistic回归模型分析孕晚期孕妇生殖道B族链球菌感染的相关影响因素,统计分析B组链球菌感染对新生儿的不良并发症发生及新生儿脐带血血清中炎症指标的影响。结果 1 239例孕晚期孕妇中,B组链球菌感染105例,感染率为8.47%。GBS阳性孕妇(产时抗生素预防)分娩的新生儿GBS感染率高于GBS阴性孕妇的新生儿(P<0.05)。肺炎、败血症的发生率GBS阳性组新生儿高于GBS阴性组(P<0.05)。结论 孕晚期孕妇阴道分泌物中唾液酸酶、妊娠期糖尿病及妊娠期高血压疾病是影响GBS感染的独立危险因素,定期产检、加强B族链球菌感染高危人群的检测,并尽早采取干预治疗,有利于减少孕晚期孕妇无乳链球菌的感染。

Objective To study the influencing factors of group B streptococcus infection(GBS) in pregnant women at late trimester of pregnancy and analyze its influence on neonates. Methods A total of 1 239 pregnant women and their newborns who were examined and delivered in our hospital from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the influencing factors of group B streptococcus infection in the reproductive tract of pregnant women at late trimester of pregnancy and to statistically analyze the influence of group B streptococcus infection on the incidence of adverse complications and the inflammatory indicators in neonatal cord blood serum. Results Among 1 239 pregnant women at late trimester, 105 cases were infected with group B streptococcus, the infection rate was 8.47%. The infection rate of GBS in neonates delivered by GBS positive pregnant women(antibiotics during delivery) was higher than that of neonates delivered by GBS negative pregnant women(P<0.05). The incidence of pneumonia and septicemia in GBS positive group was higher than that in GBS negative group(P<0.05). Conclusion Sialidase, gestational diabetes mellitus and gestational hypertension in the vaginal secretions of pregnant women at late trimester of pregnancy are independent risk factors affecting GBS infection. Regular prenatal examination, enhanced detection of group B streptococcus infection in high-risk groups and early intervention are beneficial to reduce Streptococcus agalactiae infection in pregnant women at late trimester of pregnancy.