2017年—2021年菏泽市售蔬菜中铅、镉污染状况及健康风险评估

Pollution status and health risk assessment of lead and cadmium in market vegetables in Heze City, 2017—2021

目的 探讨菏泽市售蔬菜铅镉污染状况,评估居民通过食用蔬菜铅镉暴露的健康风险。方法 2017年—2021年在菏泽7县2区采集蔬菜样本1 360份,监测铅镉含量,采样暴露边界比法(margin of exposure MOE)评估铅暴露健康风险,镉暴露风险采用每月摄入量与每月可耐受摄入量(PTMI)的比值进行评估。结果 市售8类蔬菜中铅镉的平均值分别为0.029 mg/kg、0.012 0 mg/kg,超标率分别为2.50%、1.32%,铅、镉均数的单因子、综合污染指数均处于清洁、安全水平,不同年龄段人群经蔬菜摄入铅、镉均值的健康风险水平可接受,3岁~12岁、13岁~17岁人群铅暴露量的P95值存在潜在风险、镉暴露量占PTMI的比例分别为43.34%、32.17%。结论 2017年—2021年监测的蔬菜中铅、镉污染较轻,居民经蔬菜摄入铅、镉的暴露健康风险水平可接受,但儿童青少年的高暴露人群值得关注。

Objective This paper aims to investigate the pollution status of lead and cadmium in vegetables and evaluate the health risks of residents exposed to vegetables in Heze City. Methods A total of 1 360 samples of vegetables were collected from 7 counties and 2 districts in Heze from 2017 to 2021, and the contents of lead and cadmium were detected. Margin of exposure(MOE) was used to evaluate the health risk of lead and cadmium exposure was assessed by the ratio of estimated monthly intake to provisional tolerable monthly intake(PTMI). Results The average values of lead and cadmium in 8 kinds of vegetables were 0.029 mg/kg and 0.012 0 mg/kg, and the over-standard rates were 2.50% and 1.32%. The single factor contaminant index and comprehensive contaminant index of lead and cadmium in vegetables were at a safe and clean level. The health risk of lead and cadmium were at a safe level among people of all ages. Potential risks exist at P95 value of lead exposure and the proportion of cadmium exposure to PTMI were 43.34% and 32.17% in population at the age of 3-12 and 13-17. Conclusion The pollution of lead and cadmium in vegetables monitored from 2017 to 2021 is relatively light, and the health risk level of residents who ingest lead and cadmium through vegetables is acceptable. However, the high exposure of children and adolescents should be paid attention to.