从形态—句法接口看“好V”的派生问题

A Syntactic Analysis of Chinese hǎo-V Construction from the Perspective of the Morph-syntactical Interface

现代汉语中,“好V”的意思之一是表示做事情容易。一般认为,这类“好V”是从难易句或者中动句派生而来的,但关于“好V”的句法属性学界有不同意见,仅有为数不多的学者系统探讨过“好V”句法机制。因此,本文以“NP+好V”为句法环境,从形态—句法接口的视角,通过分析NP和V、NP和“好V”的句法关系、“好”和V的语法特征,探究“好V”的派生问题。研究发现,“好V”的主语NP既可以是V的核心论元(受事),也可以是其旁格论元。如果NP是旁格论元,要经施用操作转化为核心论元后才能移动到主语位置。“好”类似黏着语素,语法特征是“容易被V的”,V是被动语态的vP.派生过程中,词根“䥺SymbolVC@V”经历了施用操作、状态转换和被动转换3个层阶,最终被功能成分“好”吸引、合并,构成派生性形容词“好V”。

From the four usages of hǎo-V in Mandarin Chinese,the present paper chooses the one that generally means“easy to do something”,as is in zhèjiàn chènshān hǎoxǐ(This shirt is easy to wash),for this construction is more perplexing than the other three in terms of semantics and syntax.The prevailing view among scholars is that this kind of hǎo-V is derived either from the“tough construction”or from“middle construction”;however,if the two views are scrutinized in light of the derivation of the construction,some questions remain unanswered.The present research,setting the sentential frame“NP+hǎo-V”as the syntactic context,proposes a syntactic account of the derivation of hǎo-V from the perspective of morphology-syntax interface.The research starts with the analysis of the relations between NP and V,and between NP and hǎo-V.It is followed by an investigation of the respective grammatical features of hǎo and V.It is found that in“NP+hǎo-V”,the NP can be the core argument or the peripheral argument of V.The hǎo behaves like a bound morpheme whose grammatical feature is‘likely to be V-ed’,highligh-ting the property of NP that facilitates the unfolding of V;while the V in hǎo-V is a vP whose grammatical feature is a passive event,indicating the conceptual consequence when V is performed.If NP is the patient object of V,the movement to subject is relatively simple and straightforward.If NP is a peripheral one,its movement involves high applicative operation that incorporates the peripheral argument as a core argument before it moves to the subject position.In deriving hǎo-V,the lexical rootSymbolVC@V undergoes three phases,namely,the applicative operation,the static operation and the passivization,and finally the passivized V is attracted by the functional category hǎo to form the derivative adjective hǎo-V.