特殊会话含意表达与推理的逻辑结构

The Logical Structure in the Expression and Inference of Particularized Conversational Implicature

从会话与互动的角度而言,交际双方在进行特殊会话含意表达与推理时应具有一定的逻辑结构才能保证其会话的顺利进行。首先提出话语表达与推理的基本逻辑结构。在此基础上,按照说话人话语表达结构的不同分析各情境下特殊会话含意表达与推理的逻辑结构。当说话人分别按照演绎、归纳、溯因逻辑,基于背景知识和意图产生话语时,听话人的推理分别为溯因、溯因和演绎推理。经过整理,发现听话人话语推理的逻辑是在说话人话语表达的逻辑基础上,通过固定一个前提,交换另一个前提和结论的位置得到的。最后,讨论特殊会话含意表达与推理不确定性的3个来源,主要包括推理进行前的前提选择的不唯一性、推理进行时的论证过程的非必然有效性和推理进行后的会话含意的可取消性。

From the perspective of conversation and interaction,interlocutors should have a certain logical structure in the expression and inference of particularized conversational implicature to ensure the smooth progress of their conversation.Firstly,the basic logical structure of expression and inference in utterance is proposed.According to the difference in the speaker’s expression structure of utterance,the logical structure in the expression and inference of particularized conversational implicature in each si-tuation is analyzed.When the speaker produces utterances based on background knowledge and intention according to deductive,inductive,and abductive logics,the hearer’s reasoning is abductive,abductive,and deductive,respectively.After sorting out,it is found that the logic of the hearer’s utterance reasoning is obtained by fixing one premise and exchanging the position of another premise and conclusion based on the expression logic of the speaker’s utterance.Finally,three sources for the uncertainty of particularized conversational implicature are discussed,including the non-uniqueness of the premise selection before the inference,the invalidity of the argument process during the inference and the defeasibility of the conversational implicature after the infe-rence.