海洋牧场与海上风电融合发展项目对海洋环境的若干影响分析

Impact of marine ranching and offshore wind power industrial convergence projects on marine environment

海洋牧场和海上风电产业融合发展已经成为现代化海洋产业发展的重点方向,现有研究鲜有在海洋牧场与海上风电融合发展模式下针对海洋环境影响评价的实践案例和相关分析。文章通过实例,采用数值模拟、数据对比和定性描述相结合方式,从水文动力、地形地貌和冲淤及悬浮泥沙3方面详细分析和探讨该类项目建设对海洋环境可能产生的影响及影响程度。结果表明,工程建设对周边海域流速和流向影响较小,在大潮期间流速变化的幅度最大变化在1 cm/s,流向最大为2°,对平均流速的影响在工程区附近局部范围内,其他水域流速基本不会受到工程的影响。工程区域历年等深线整体呈离岸移动的趋势,周边海床处于淤积状态,工程周边海域整体冲淤趋势与工程建设前变化不大。电缆敷设将对工程周边海域水质产生一定影响,考虑到电缆施工完毕后所在海域很快会恢复到背景环境,悬沙实际影响范围远小于预测范围,对水质影响较小。

The industrial convergence of marine ranching and offshore wind power has become a key direction for the development of the modern marine industry.There are few practical cases and relevant analyses on the marine environmental impact assessment of the industrial convergence of marine ranching and offshore wind power in the existing research.Based on the numerical simulation,data comparison and qualitative description by examples,the impact of such projects on the marine environment is analyzed and discussed in detail from the aspects of hydrodynamics,topography,scouring and silting and suspended sediment.The results show that the construction of the project has little effect on the velocity and direction of the surrounding sea area.During the high tide,the maximum change of the flow velocity is 1 cm/s,and the maximum flow direction is 2°.The influence on the average flow velocity is in the local area near the project area,and the flow velocity in other waters is not affected by the project.The isobaths of the project area tend to move offshore,and the surrounding seabed is in a state of siltation.The overall scouring and silting trend in the surrounding sea areas of the project have little change compared with the situation before the construction of the project.The laying of the cable will have a certain impact on the water quality of the sea area around the project.Considering that the sea area where the cable is located will soon return to the background environment after the cable construction is completed,the actual impact range of suspended sediment is much smaller than the predicted value,and the impact on seawater quality is weak.