成都市6~15岁儿童口腔健康行为认知调查及相关因素分析

Oral Health Behavior Cognition Survey and Related Analysis of Children Aged 6~15 in Chengdu

目的 了解四川省成都市6~15岁儿童口腔健康现况及健康行为认知情况,探讨影响口腔健康的相关因素,为有针对性地对该群体开展口腔健康干预,提高口腔健康水平提供参考依据。方法 2020年3月1日至2020年7月31日采用分层随机抽样方法抽取四川省成都市208例6~15岁儿童作为研究对象,参照世界卫生组织(WHO)发布的《口腔健康调查基本方法》(第4版)进行口腔检查,依据《第四次全国口腔健康流行病学抽样调查方案》自行设计问卷对儿童进行口腔健康行为认知调查,采用数据软件对结果进行统计分析。结果 参与检查的208例儿童共有146例患龋,6~11岁儿童患龋率为73.1%,12~15岁儿童患龋率67.0%;儿童患龋率在性别和年龄方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);牙齿充填率为12.0%,女性高于男性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),窝沟封闭率为4.3%,男女比较差异无统计学意义;在乳牙患龋率、窝沟封闭率和龋患数方面的比较中6~11岁儿童高于12~15岁儿童,在恒牙患龋率、牙齿充填率等方面的比较中6~11岁儿童低于12~15岁儿童,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic逐步回归分析显示口腔健康状况自我评价、含糖饮品的饮用频率、饭后是否清洁牙齿、知道细菌可引起龋齿是儿童患龋的影响因素。结论 成都市6~15岁儿童口腔健康现况总体较差,口腔保健知识掌握不足,应加强针对儿童的口腔健康教育及口腔健康行为指导,进一步制定儿童口腔健康保健干预方案。

Objective To investigate oral health status and health behavior cognition of children aged 6~15 years old in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, and to explore relevant factors affecting oral health, so as to provide a reference basis for carrying out oral health intervention programs for children in this group and improve children’s oral health level.Methods From March 1,2020 to July 31,2020,208 children aged 6~15 years old in Chengdu, Sichuan Province were selected by stratified random sampling method as the research object.Oral examination was conducted according to “basic methods of oral health survey”(4 th edition)published by World Health Organization(WHO),and oral health behavior cognition survey was conducted on children with a self-designed questionnaire according to “fourth national oral health epidemiology sampling survey scheme”,and results were statistically analyzed by data software.Results 146 cases of caries were examined in 208 children participating in the examination.The prevalence of caries was 73.1% in children aged 6~11 years, and that in children aged in children aged 12~15 years was 67.0%,there was no significant difference in sex and gender(P>0.05),tooth filling rate was 12.0%.Females were higher than males with statistically significant difference(P<0.05).Pit and fissure closure rate was 4.3%,and there was no significant difference between men and women.Caries rate of deciduous teeth, pit and fissure closure rate and number of caries, children aged 6~11 years were significantly higher than those aged 12~15 years, caries rate of permanent teeth and tooth filling rate, children aged 6~11 years were lower than those aged 12~15 years with statistically significant difference(P<0.05),logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that self evaluation of oral health, drinking sugary drinks, cleaning teeth after meals, and knowing that bacteria caused caries are the influencing factors of caries in children.Conclusion The overall oral health status of children aged 6~15 in Chengdu would be poor, and the knowledge of oral health care would be insufficient, so oral health education and oral health behavior guidance for children should be strengthened, and children’s oral health care intervention programs should be further formulated.