天麻及其有效成分对神经系统疾病的药理作用研究进展

Research Progress on Pharmacological Effects of Tianma(Gastrodiae Rhizoma)and Its Effective Components on Nervous System Diseases

天麻作为我国传统药材历史悠久,其功可平抑肝阳、祛风通络等,是药食同源的名贵药材。神经系统疾病的发病机制复杂,临床症状缠绵难愈,严重影响病人的生活质量。现代药理研究发现天麻及其有效成分天麻素等具有抗凝、抗血小板聚集、降压、降脂、抑制心肌细胞凋亡、促血管生成、营养神经、抗抑郁、抗惊厥等多种作用。其中抗氧化应激、抗炎、保护神经元等作用对中枢神经系统疾病具有良好的防治功效。就天麻及其有效成分对偏头痛、帕金森病、癫痫和阿尔茨海默病治疗的研究进行综述,以期为天麻在神经系统疾病的临床应用和基础研究提供参考。

Tianma(Gastrodiae Rhizoma)has a long history as a traditional medicinal material in China.It can stabilize liver Yang,dispel wind and dredge collaterals,and is a valuable medicinal material with the same origin of medicine and food.The pathogenesis of neurological diseases is complex,and the clinical symptoms are difficult to heal,seriously affecting the quality of life of patients.Modern pharmacological studies have found that Tianma(Gastrodiae Rhizoma)and its active ingredient gastrodin have anticoagulant,antiplatelet aggregation,antihypertensive,lipid-lowering,inhibition of myocardial apoptosis,angiogenesis,neurotrophic,antidepressant,anticonvulsant and other effects.Among them,anti-oxidative stress,anti-inflammation and neuron protection have good preventive and therapeutic effects on central nervous system diseases.In this study,the effects of Tianma(Gastrodiae Rhizoma)and its active ingredients on migraine,Parkinson’s disease,epilepsy and Alzheimer’s disease were reviewed,in order to provide reference for clinical application and basic research of Tianma(Gastrodiae Rhizoma)in neurological diseases.