肌源性干细胞促进周围神经再生的研究进展

Research progress of muscle-derived stem cells promoting peripheral nerve regeneration

周围神经损伤是最常见的创伤性损伤类型之一,目前治疗的金标准是自体神经移植,但该方法有很多不足,且治疗效果常常不理想,患者多有不同程度的肢体功能障碍。目前采用干细胞促进周围神经再生是研究热点,其中肌源性干细胞(MDSCs)具有持久的自我更新和多胚层分化能力、来源丰富、易获取、具有免疫豁免的特性且不易形成神经瘤等诸多优点。目前认为MDSCs不仅通过直接分化为特异性细胞,促进受损神经再生,还通过旁分泌等作用促进神经再支配和组织学恢复。本文就MDSCs的生物学特性、细胞分类及作用、分离培养和诱导的方法及其促进周围神经再生的相关机制作一综述。

Peripheral nerve injury is one of the most common type of traumatic injury.At present,autologous nerve transplantation is the gold standard for the diseases,but it has many deficiencies,and the curative effect is often not ideal,so patients often have different degrees of extremities dysfunction.Currently,the use of stem cells to promote peripheral nerve regeneration is a hot topic.Muscle-derived stem cells(MDSCs)have many advantages,such as persistent self-renewal,multi-germ differentiation,plentiful,available,immune-privilege and not easy to form neuromas.It is currently believed that MDSCs not only promote the regeneration of damaged nerves through direct differentiation into specific cells,but also promote nerve re-innervation and histological recovery through paracrine and other effects.This paper reviews the biological characteristics,cell classifications,actions,methods of isolation,culture and induction of MDSCs and related mechanisms in promoting peripheral nerve regeneration.