四种低改措施对油茶产量与果实经济性状的影响

Effects of low yield and efficiency improvement measures on fruit economic characters and yield of Camellia oleifera

针对当前江西油茶老林改造与低效林提质增效的迫切技术需求,在江西省都昌县与丰城市分别设立M1、M2、M3、M4四种综合改造措施试验,结果表明:(1)各改造措施均提高了老油茶林和低效油茶林单果质量与产量。四种措施下老油茶树的单果重增长4.26%~48.07%,低效油茶树的单果重增长3.75%~149.20%;老油茶树的株产增长8.51%~64.27%;低效油茶林株产增长123.76%~329.56%。(2)老油茶林与低效林分别采用M2、M3措施后,果高、果径和果实体积的提升效果最明显;老油茶林的鲜出籽率、干籽含油率、鲜果含油率均在M3措施下达到最高,分别较CK高32.99%、70.10%和80.50%;低效林的鲜出籽率、干籽含油率、鲜果含油率分别在M3、M1、M3措施下达到最高,分别较CK增加34.46%、45.55%和85.98%。(3)油茶老林改造采用M2措施隔株截杆、内膛修剪、树蔸深挖垦复后施有机肥10 kg·株-1、3月施尿素0.25 kg·株-1、11月施硼肥0.15kg·株-1的综合措施;而低效林改造应用M3措施隔株间伐、内膛修剪、林地全垦后施有机肥15 kg·株-1、3月施尿素0.25 kg·株-1、6月施复合肥0.50 kg·株-1、8-9月份施硫酸钾0.5 kg·株-1、11月施硼肥0.15 kg·株-1的综合措施,改造效果最好。

Aiming at the urgent technical requirements of transforming old Camellia oleifera forest and improving low-efficiency forest in Jiangxi Province, four kind of comprehensive reforming measures such as M1, M2, M3, and M4 were tested in Duchang County and Fengcheng City in Jiangxi Province. The results showed as follows :(1)The individual fruit weight and yield of old Camellia oleifera forest and low efficiency Camellia oleifera forest were improved.Under four kinds of improving measures, the single fruit weight of old Camellia oleifera forest increased by 4.26%~48.07%, and the single fruit weight of low efficiency Camellia oleifera trees increased by 3.75%~149.20%.The yield of old Camellia oleifera increased by 8.51%~64.27%.The yield of low-efficiency Camellia oleifera forest increased by 123.76%~329.56%.(2)The fruit height and fruit diameter of old Camellia oleifera forest and low efficiency forest were improved by M2 and M3 measures, respectively.The fresh seed yield, dry seed oil yield, and fresh fruit oil yield of old Camellia oleifera forest were the highest under M3 measure, which were 32.99%, 70.10%, and 80.50% higher than CK, respectively. In low yield forest, fresh seed yield, dry seed oil yield, and fresh fruit oil yield reached the highest under M3, M1, and M3 measures, respectively, which were 34.46%, 45.55%, and 85.98% higher than CK measures.(3)The old Camellia oleifera forest was transformed by cutting the pole by dividing the plant, pruning the inner chamber, applying organic fertilizer of 10 kg·plant-1, applying urea of 0.25 kg·plant-1in March and borax of 0.15 kg·plant-1in November(M2 measure).In the low-efficiency forest, interplant thinning, inner bore pruning, 15 kg·plant-1organic fertilizer, 0.25 kg·plant-1urea in March, 0.50 kg·plant-1compound fertilizer in June, 0.5 kg·plant-1potassium sulfate in August and September, and 0.15 kg·plant-1borax in November(M3 measure)had the best effect.