明清时期江南县治的城乡区隔与城市治理:以常熟县为中心

Urban-rural Division and Urban Governance in Jiangnan Region during the Ming and Qing Dynasty:Taking Changshu as the Center

明清时期城乡关系固然在一定程度上呈现“城乡连续统一体”的特征,但城墙在治理层面上仍有一定区隔作用。常熟在此时期内为苏州府所辖县治城市,空间形态上,其城厢虽属于积善乡,但始终存在着有别于乡都体制的在城图。治理实践上,常熟邑境河道事关太湖泄水,城内河道疏浚则无关江南水利大局,虽然民居侵占河道问题严重,但官府日常治理成效不著。治理挑战方面,常熟筑城往往被城内居民“浮议”所阻挠,战时状态下官权得以强力贯彻,但筑城工作中的“根本利益”与“既得利益”难以兼顾。常熟的案例表明,明清时期,即使在中小城市,城墙之内的空间形态与治理逻辑都与城外有所区别,也面临着城市独有的挑战。

Although the urban-rural relationship in the Ming and Qing Dynasty showed the characteristics of ’urban-rural continuity’ to a certain extent, the city wall still has a certain degree of separation in theg overnance level. During this period, Changshu is a county-administered city under the jurisdiction ofSuzhou prefecture. In terms of spatial form, although the city belongs to Jishan town, there is always theT u of the city that is different from the township system. In practice, Changshu’s River is related to theTaihu Lake’s discharge, while the inland river dredging has nothing to do with the overall situation of low_YangtzeRiver area’s water conservancy. Although the problem of residential occupation of the river is se-rious, the government’s daily governance is not effective. In terms of governance challenges, Changshu’sf ortification is often resisted by the residents of the city. In wartime, the official power can be implemen-ted forcefully, but it is difficult to balance the " fundamental interests" and " vested interests" in the forti-f ication work. The case of Changshu shows that even in the Ming and Qing dynasty, even in small andmedium-sized cities, the spatial form and governance logic inside the city walls are different from thoseo utside the city, and they also faced unique challenges in cities.