山西民歌“太平年”的多样化探究

A Study on the Diversity of Shanxi Folk Song “Taipingnian”

“太平年”是一首在全国各地较为流行的明清俗曲。在几百年的发展过程中,山西民歌“太平年”的变体较多、流布很广。它们中有的在曲调特征、固定衬词、词格用法、歌曲称谓等方面沿袭了明清时期的主要特点,有的在各种地方文化因素的影响下不断地发展变化。通过研究,笔者发现其变体民歌呈现出“多样化”的特点,它们既有小调类也有秧歌类和套曲类;既有徵调式、商调式还有宫调式、羽调式;也有含“太平年”固定衬词的,还有去掉“太平年”衬词的、改换其他衬词的等等。

“Taipingnian” is a popular song in the Ming and Qing dynasties. In the development process of several hundred years, Shanxi folk song “Taipingnian” has many variations and wide circulation. Some of them follow the main features of Ming and Qing dynasty in the aspects of tunes, fixed lining, the usage of word cases, the appellation of songs, etc.;and some of them develop and change constantly under the influence of various local cultural factors. Through the research, the author finds that the variant folk songs have the characteristics of “diversification”, which includes minor tunes, Yangko and divertimento;There are not only 5 Style, 2 Style and 1 Style, 6 Style, but also the “Taipingnian” fixed lining, as well as the removal of the “Taipingnian” lining, the change of other lining, and so on.