铜钢功能材料增材制造研究进展

Research Progress of Copper-Steel Functional Materials Prepared by Additive Manufacturing

铜钢功能材料兼具铜和钢独特的机械、物理和化学等性能,在航空航天、电力、生物医疗等领域应用前景广阔。然而,熔铸等传统方法制备铜钢功能材料存在难以实现复杂结构设计,易在铜钢复合界面处产生宏观偏析等问题,限制了铜钢功能材料的应用。与传统制造技术相比,铜钢功能材料零件的金属增材制造更具优势,不仅能够实现复杂结构制造,而且由于冷凝速度相对较快,可以有效缓解铜钢复合界面处的宏观偏析等缺陷,增强界面结合强度。根据近年来各种增材制造技术制备铜钢功能材料的研究进展,分析了铜钢功能材料增材制造过程中缺陷的形成原因和成形质量,列举实际应用场景,并对其发展趋势和技术难点进行展望。

With the unique and combined mechanical,physical and chemical properties of copper and steel,the copper-steel functional materials are widely used in aerospace,power industries,biomedical and other fields.However,the applications of copper-steel functional materials are restricted due to the limitations in producing parts with complex structural design and easy macro segregation at the copper-steel composite interface via traditional methods such as melting and casting.Different from traditional methods,metal additive manufacturing technology has more advantages in manufacturing copper-steel functional material parts,including capability of complex structure formation and effective alleviation of segregation and other defects at the copper-steel interface attributed to the relatively rapid cooling and solidification process,resulting in the enhancement of interface bonding strength.Based on the recent research progress in the preparation of copper-steel functional materials by various additive manufacturing technologies,the key problems of defects derivation and forming quality of copper-steel functional materials additive manufacturing are analyzed,the practical application scenarios are summarized,and its development trend is prospected.