耐热钛基复合材料制备加工及应用综述

A Review of Fabrication,Processing and Application of Heat-Resistant Titanium Matrix Composites

钛合金以其高比强度、高比刚度以及耐高温性能备受航天航空等领域的青睐。合金化手段已无法使钛合金突破600℃服役温度瓶颈,无法满足超高速飞行器及新型航空发动机等航空航天装备更高服役温度需求。向高温钛合金中原位引入多元多尺度的陶瓷增强相,精准控制其形成特定构型结构是实现更为优异高温性能的有效途径之一。这种新型材料也被称为耐热钛基复合材料,其使用温度较传统钛合金可提高50~200℃,受到广泛关注。本文针对耐热钛基复合材料的研制,从复合构型设计及制备、近净成形加工技术(增材制造、精密铸造、等温超塑性成形)及高温力学性能等方面,全面综述了以上研究进展及应用现状,并提出该材料目前存在问题以及未来发展方向。

Titanium alloys are favored in the aerospace industry due to their high specific strength,high specific stiffness,and high temperature resistance.Only through alloying method,titanium alloys cannot meet the demand of aerospace equipment with service temperatures higher than 600℃,such as ultra-high-speed aircraft and new aero-engines.To achieve better high-temperature performance,one of the effective ways is to tailor in-situ synthesized hybrid reinforcements into hightemperature titanium alloys.The resulting new composites,also known as heat-resistant titanium matrix composites(HRTMCs),have received widespread attention because of their increased service temperatures of 50-200℃compared to traditional titanium alloys.Regarding the development of HRTMCs,the corresponding research progress and application status were reviewed in terms of design and preparation of microstructural architectures,near-net-shape processing technology(including additive manufacturing,precision casting,isothermal superplastic forming)and high-temperature mechanical properties.Finally,the remained problems and future research directions of the HRTMCs were also pointed out.