中国藏缅语族族群的Heath-Carter法体型研究

Study on somatotype of Tibeto-Burman ethnic group in China by Heath-Carter method

采用Heath-Carter法研究中国藏缅语族族群的体型特征.调查了藏缅语族18个族群共14521例(男性6434例,女性8087例)成人的10项体质指标,计算内因子、中因子和外因子值,并与国内9个族群进行比较.结果表明:(1)藏缅语族18个族群男性的体型较为一致,除贡山怒族外,均为偏内胚层的中胚层体型.多数族群女性的体型为内胚层-中胚层均衡体型.(2)在18个族群中,基诺族、藏族、羌族和土家族的身体线性程度小,其中:基诺族、藏族和羌族脂肪、肌肉和骨骼均较发达,土家族脂肪丰富,肌肉和骨骼中等发达.贡山怒族和独龙族身体纤细,体脂少,肌肉和骨骼不发达.(3)从合计值看,藏缅语族族群男性为偏内胚层的中胚层体型,女性为内胚层-中胚层均衡体型.男性以偏内胚层的中胚层体型最多,女性以偏中胚层的内胚层体型最多.(4)在10个族群中,藏缅语族族群的脂肪、肌肉和骨骼均较发达.藏缅语族族群的体型特征与汉族和北方族群更接近.

The somatotype characteristic of Tibeto-Burman ethnic group in China was studied using the Heath-Carter method.10 physical fitness indicators of 14521 adults(6434 males and 8087 females)from 18 Tibetan-Burman ethnic groups were investigated,and the endomorphy,mesomorphy,ectomorphy values were calculated and compared with nine domestic ethnic groups.The results were as follows:(1)The males of 18 Tibetan-Burman ethnic groups are relatively consistent in somatotype.Except for Gongshan Nu,all the others were endomorphic mesomorph.Females of most ethnic groups of Tibeto-Burman were endomorph-mesomorph.(2)Among the 18 ethnic groups,Jino,Tibetan,Qiang and Tujia had less body linearity.Among them,Jino,Tibetan and Qiang were relatively developed in fat,muscles and bones,but Tujia had more body fat and moderately developed muscles and bones.Gongshan Nu and Drung were slender,and had less body fat and underdeveloped muscles and bones.(3)Judging from the total value,Tibeto-Burman males were endomorphic mesomorph,while females were endomorphmesomorph.The number of endomorphic mesomorph was the largest in males,while the number of mesomorphic endomorph was the largest in females.(4)Among the 10 ethnic groups,Tibeto-Burman ethnic group had relatively developed fat,muscles and bones.The somatotype characteristic of Tibeto-Burman ethnic group were closer to those of Han and northern ethnic groups.