美国特殊学生中学毕业后的转衔支持服务及其启示

Transition Support Service for Students with Special Needs after High School Graduation in the United States and Its Enlightenment

特殊学生从中学毕业后的转衔极为关键。美国为中学毕业后的特殊学生提供了相对完善的转衔支持服务,其类型包括升学转衔支持服务和就业转衔支持服务,其实施程序包括组建转衔团队、实施转衔评估、制定并实施个别化转衔服务计划、追踪转衔服务效果,其支持体系主要包括学校支持、家长支持和社区支持。研究表明,转衔支持服务有效提高了特殊学生中学毕业后升学可能性和就业质量,促进了学校改革,改变了家长的心态,形成了基于社区的转衔服务模式,但在实施过程中也遇到了个别化转衔服务计划覆盖率有待提高、转衔相关人员合作紧密度有待提升等问题。美国关于特殊学生中学毕业后的转衔支持服务为我国特殊学生转衔支持服务在法律保障、实施程序制定等方面提供了借鉴。

It is crucial for students with special needs to transition after graduation from high school. The United States provides relatively complete transition support service for students with special needs after high school graduation, including post-secondary education transition service and employment transition service. Its implementation procedures include the establishment of transition team, the evaluation of transition, the formulation and implementation of individualized transition service plan, and the tracking of transition service effect. Its support system mainly includes school support, parent support and community support. Research showed that the transition support service effectively improved the possibility of graduating from high school and quality of employment for students with special needs, promoted school reform, changed parents’ state of mind and formulated community-based transition service model. However, in the process of implementation, problems still exist including the coverage rate of the individualized transition service plan and the cooperation of the relevant personnel. The transition support service for students with special needs in the United States provides reference for students with special needs in China in the aspects of legal guarantee and implementation procedure formulation.