燕麦基因组学与分子育种研究进展

Advances in Oat Genomic Research and Molecular Breeding

燕麦(Avenasativa)是粮饲兼用的一年生禾本科燕麦属植物。燕麦的营养价值和优良牧草品质使其市场需求量逐年增加,这对燕麦新品种的创新培育提出了新要求。分子育种精准且高效,是燕麦育种技术革新的必由之路。而基因组学研究是燕麦重要农艺性状解析、优异种质资源精准利用和分子设计育种的重要基础。该文重点从国内外燕麦种质资源搜集整理情况、燕麦属基因组构成和染色体倍性,以及燕麦遗传连锁图谱构建、基因组测序和分子育种方面对燕麦基因组学与分子育种研究进行综述,并对后基因组时代相关研究的发展趋势进行了展望。

Oat(Avena sativa) is an annual grass species grown as either a grain or a forage crop. Its valuable nutrition and excellent forage quality make its market demand increase year by year, which brings forth new requirements for innovative oat cultivars. Molecular breeding is the ideal technology for oat improvement with its high precision and efficiency. Genomic study of oat is the very important basis for the analysis of important agronomic traits, the precise utilization of excellent germplasm and molecular design breeding of oats. This article mainly reviews the important achievements of world-wide oat germplasm resources collection and preservation, genome composition and chromosome ploidy level variations in the genus Avena, oat genetic linkage map construction and oat genome sequencing, as well as oat molecular breeding. Furthermore, this article discusses the future directions of oat genomic study and molecular breeding in the post genomic era.