推动科技馆科学教育创新发展:美国探索馆经验与启示

Promoting Innovative Development of Scientific Education in Science and Technology Museums:Experience and Inspiration from the Exploratorium of America

科技馆一直是培育公民科学素养及促进国家科技创新能力生长的土壤。首先通过梳理国际科技馆教育理念发展历程并将其划分为五个阶段,选取美国科技馆为例分析其特点与优势。其次,对国际科技馆研究主体进行聚类分析,发现国际科技馆理论研究呈现出教育主体由科技馆向观众转变的趋势。再次,分析我国科技馆建设实践,发现我国科技馆建设存在教育理念落后、数字化资源同质化严重、发展不平衡、STEM职业教育不足等问题;并通过分析美国探索馆建设实践,梳理其建设经验。最后,本文借鉴国际经验并结合中国本土国情,提出以“实践科学”教育为导向引导科技馆发展;以科技馆集群化发展模式提升线上教学资源质量;以网络布局构建多元主体参与运行机制;以科学教育“前置”理念指导STEM职业教育渗透科学教育活动等建议。

The science and Technology Museum has always been the soil for cultivating citizens’ scientific literacy and national scientific and technological innovation ability. This paper firstly sorted out the development and change of the educational concept of international science and technology museum and divided it into five stages, and selected the American science and technology museum to analyze its development characteristics and advantages. Secondly, cluster analysis is carried out on the research subjects of the International Science and Technology Museum, and it is found that the theoretical research of the international science and technology museum shows a trend that the education subject is changing from the science museum to the audience. Thirdly, based on the analysis of the problems in the construction practice of science and technology museums in China, it is found that there are some problems such as backward education concept, serious homogenization of digital resources, unbalanced development, and insufficient STEM vocational education in science and technology museums in China. And through the analysis of the construction and development practice of discovery museums in the United States, the construction experience is sorted out. Finally, drawing on international experience and combining with China’s local conditions, this paper puts forward the guidance of “practical science” education to guide the development of science and technology museum. To improve the quality of online teaching resources by the cluster development mode of science and technology museum;Construct the multi-subject participation operation mechanism by network layout;Suggestions to guide STEM vocational education to infiltrate science education activities with the “pre-position” concept of science education.