本土进化:“四要件”理论的规范责任转向

The Local Turn of Normative Responsibility of “Four Elements” Theory

我国现阶段的犯罪论体系,无论是“四要件”理论还是阶层理论都没有完成规范责任的彻底转向,都没有形成责任评价对象与责任评价的二分关系。在心理责任论向规范责任论的进化过程中,“四要件”理论相较于古典犯罪论体系更具先进性。“四要件”理论的先进性体现在其原生的主客观一致原则在事实层面(违法层面)的正确性,并在行为结构上与目的行为论高度契合。“四要件”理论仅是违法——责任体系中的违法要素,规范责任的缺失是其结构性问题。在“四要件”之后加入规范责任评价,形成“‘四要件’——规范责任”体系就能在利用“四要件”理论自身优势的基础上完成要素集合式犯罪论体系向阶层递进式犯罪论体系、因果行为论向目的行为论、心理责任论向规范责任论的进化。

In our recentsystemof crime theories, neither the “four elements” theory nor the social classes theory has completed a full turn of normative responsibility and has not formed a binary relationship between the object of responsibility evaluation and the responsibility evaluation. In the evolution from the theory of psychological responsibility to the theory of normative responsibility, the “four elements” theory is more advanced than the classical systemof crime theories. Its advancement is reflected in the correctness of its original principle of subjective and objective unanimity at the factual level(illegal level), and it is highly consistent with the theory of purpose behavior in the behavioral structure. The “four elements” theory is only an illegal element in the system of illegal responsibility, and the lack of normative responsibility is its structural problem. Standard responsibility evaluation is added to form the “four elements” standard responsibility system. Based on the advantages of the “four elements” theory, the evolution of the elements’ collective crime theory system to the hierarchical progressive crime theory system, the causal behavior theory to the purpose behavior theory, and the psychological responsibility theory to the standard responsibility theory can be completed.